{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T19:34:30Z","timestamp":1771356870598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial nerve paralysis has functional, psychological and social consequences for patients. Traditionally, outcome measurements for facial nerve injuries have been clinician derived. Recent literature has shown that patient perspective is valuable and necessary in outcomes research. This study aimed to identify patient domains of concern and subsequently, develop a point\u2010of\u2010care questionnaire for clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This mixed\u2010methods prospective study was completed in three phases. In Phase I, 15 facial nerve injury patients were interviewed individually. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded with NVivo software. Analysis led to a conceptual framework detailing the most important quality of life outcomes. During Phase II, a focus group was held with five new patients in order to prioritise the outcome themes to a top six list. A second focus group was held with Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck staff surgeons to create a 25\u2010item questionnaire based on these six themes. In Phase III, the questionnaire was administered to 10 new patients to test for comprehension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 30 patients with facial nerve injury were included in the various phases in the study. In addition, 5 staff Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck surgeons participated as focus group contributors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Domains of concern and quality of life outcomes as reported by facial nerve injury patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients identified a total of 16 themes encompassing both functional and psychological deficits related to their facial nerve injury. From these findings, a 25\u2010item Likert\u2010type scale, the A\u2010FaCE scale, was developed for clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with facial nerve paralysis experience functional and psychological deficits. This study led to the creation of the first patient\u2010reported instrument for this population that addresses functional impairment, social function, psychological well\u2010being and self\u2010perception of appearance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T14:31:04Z","timestamp":1562596264000},"page":"919-926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of the Alberta facial clinical evaluation scale: A patient\u2010centred outcomes instrument for facial nerve paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr F.","family":"Hamour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian I.","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7661-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent L.","family":"Biron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Seemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kal","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Seikaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8971-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W. 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