{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T16:28:34Z","timestamp":1769358514701,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTUH 107\u2010N3981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTUH 107\u2010N3981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The stiffness of the vocal folds is an important factor in voice production, yet clinically applicable measurements are still lacking. It has been demonstrated in an in vivo canine model that fundamental frequency (F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) increased linearly as subglottic pressure (P<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>) increased, but with a lesser slope for higher levels of vocal fold tension. In this study, the relationship between F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and P<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> was investigated using the airflow interruption method in awake patients non\u2010invasively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy volunteers enrolled for evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010three healthy volunteers aged 20 and older were recruited, with one excluded for a recent asthma attack.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationships between F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and P<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>, described as the slope (Hz\/kPa), were investigated when the participants sustained voicing the vowel\/o\/at 3 incremental frequencies 4 semitones apart in the modal register (F1, F2 and F3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two healthy volunteers (20 females, 12 males) aged 20\u201047\u00a0years were enrolled for final analyses. There was a statistically significant difference in the slopes of the linear regression lines of F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\u2010P<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>, depending on the frequency with which the vowel\/o\/ was produced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). The slope differed significantly between F2 and F1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.015), F3 and F1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002) and F3 and F2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005) for both women and men, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was demonstrated that the higher the vocal fold tension, the smaller the slope between F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and P<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>. Using the relationship between F<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and P<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> as an analog of vocal fold stiffness is potentially practical for clinical application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T09:44:31Z","timestamp":1571391871000},"page":"40-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Estimating vocal fold stiffness: Using the relationship between subglottic pressure and fundamental frequency of phonation as an analog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0179-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Hsuan","family":"Tseng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Chin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung\u2010Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu\u2010Yu","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14015430119969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2004\/030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2014.03.001"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"248","article-title":"Diagnosis of voice disorders","volume":"54","author":"Omori K","year":"2011","journal-title":"JMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Phonosurgery, basis and clinical investigation","volume":"21","author":"Hirano M","year":"1975","journal-title":"Otologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870060079015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Principles of Voice Production","author":"Titze IR","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1975555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Phonosurgery Assessment and Surgical Management of Voice Disorders","author":"Ford CN","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4870488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199903000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2016.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Instructional Manual for PAS KP. 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