{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:58:54Z","timestamp":1772798334819,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) and associated risk factors after parotid gland surgery including the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective single\u2010centre clinical study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral centre for head and neck surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven hundred and fifty four patients who underwent parotid gland surgery at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, between 2007 and 2014 were enrolled in this study. Data on patient age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification system, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, operation time, and antibiotic prophylaxis were collected. Additionally, the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) risk index was calculated. Association of these factors with SSI was evaluated in univariate analyses and a multivariate logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rate of SSI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty four patients (3.2%) had an SSI according to the NHSN definition. In univariate analyses, only smokers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.048) and male patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01) had a significantly higher rate of SSI. Since the majority of smokers were men (62.3%), the effect of male gender, smoking, together with the NHSN risk index was further investigated as predictors of SSI within a logistic regression model. All three predictors showed a significant effect on SSI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parotid gland surgery has a low rate of SSI. In our cohort, male gender, smoking and high NHSN risk index scores were significantly associated with SSI, whereas antibiotic prophylaxis had no protective effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T11:30:01Z","timestamp":1615894201000},"page":"948-953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is antibiotic prophylaxis expendable in parotid gland surgery? A retrospective analysis of surgical site infection rates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ralph","family":"Hohenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Brinster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Plinkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2537-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe A.","family":"Federspil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-1768"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2010.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27358"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24339"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Healthcare\u2010associated infections: surgical site infections","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Nationales Referenzzentrum f\u00fcr Surveillance f\u00fcr Nosokomiale Infektionen.https:\/\/www.nrz\u2010hygiene.de\/fileadmin\/nrz\/module\/op\/indikator\/2020_PARO.pdf. Assessed January 12 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90361-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001265"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists.ASA physical status classification system.https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/standards\u2010and\u2010guidelines\/asa\u2010physical\u2010status\u2010classification\u2010system. Assessed January 12 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"National Healthcare Safety Network.Surveillance for Surgical Site Infection (SSI) events.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf. 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