{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1793706225016,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008091","name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the relationship between viral load and the incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OD and GD), the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and the recovery of OD and GD in COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted on 599 outpatients' cases in Golestan province between February and June 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence, severity (complete or partial) and recovery time of OD and GD and their associations with cycle threshold (CT) values of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 polymerase chain reaction were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of patients was 38.27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.62\u00a0years. The incidence of general symptoms included myalgia 70.1%, headache 51.8%, fever 47.7% and dyspnoea 21.4%. 41.9% of patients had gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain 26.5%, diarrhoea 25.2%, nausea 20.5% and vomiting 12.9%. 12.2% of patients had comorbidity. The trimester recovery rates of OD and GD were 93.94% and 94.74% respectively. The mean recovery time of OD and GD was 14.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.37 and 13.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.77\u00a0days respectively. The mean CT value in all patients was 27.45\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.55. There were significant associations between the mean of CT value with headache (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.04), GD (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.002) and OD (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The finding of this study indicates a possible association between viral load with incidence of OD and GD in COVID\u201019 patient's cases and assures the recovery of OD\/GD in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T18:52:07Z","timestamp":1628275927000},"page":"1331-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Virus load and incidence of olfactory, gustatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal disorders in COVID\u201019 patients: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Hosein","family":"Taziki Balajelini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Neuroscience Research Center School of Medicine Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0698-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolhalim","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Social Development Research Center Faculty of Health Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Golestan Research Centre of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi Razavi","family":"Nikoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Infectious Diseases Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alijan","family":"Tabarraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Infectious Diseases Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Information Technology Management Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4783-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mehran","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Neuroscience Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-718"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The association of smell and taste dysfunction with COVID19, and their functional impacts","author":"AlShakhs A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00512-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30237-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30113-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0572LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132010000500003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BalajeliniMHT VakiliMA RajabiA MohammadiM TabarraeiA HosseiniSM.Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID\u201019 Patients in Iran. 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