{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:54:12Z","timestamp":1747184052157,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examines the histological findings of tracheal tissue samples obtained from COVID\u201019 positive mechanically ventilated patients, to assess the degree of tracheal inflammation\/ulceration present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective single\u2010centre observational cohort study. All patients admitted to Adult Intensive Care Unit (AICU) with COVID\u201019 infection, requiring mechanical ventilation and surgical tracheostomy between 1 April and 1\u00a0May 2020, were included (<jats:italic>Group 1<\/jats:italic>). Tracheal windows excised at tracheostomy underwent histological analysis. Comparison was made with: tracheal windows from COVID\u201019 positive AICU ventilated patients admitted between 1\u00a0January and 1\u00a0March 2021 (<jats:italic>Group 2<\/jats:italic>); tracheal windows from COVID\u201019 <jats:italic>negative<\/jats:italic> AICU ventilated patients (<jats:italic>Group 3<\/jats:italic>); and, tracheal autopsy samples from COVID\u201019 positive patients that died without undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation (<jats:italic>Group 4<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:italic>roup 1<\/jats:italic> demonstrated mild\/moderate inflammation (tracheitis) in nearly all samples (15\/16, 93.8%), with infrequent micro\u2010ulceration (2\/16, 12.5%). <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:italic>roup 2<\/jats:italic> demonstrated similar mild\/moderate inflammation in all samples (17\/17, 100%), with no ulceration. Histological findings of <jats:italic>Groups 1 and 2<\/jats:italic> COVID\u201019 positive patients were similar to <jats:italic>Group 3<\/jats:italic> COVID\u201019 <jats:italic>negative<\/jats:italic> patients, which demonstrated mild\/moderate inflammation (5\/5, 100%), with uncommon superficial erosion (1\/5, 20%). <jats:italic>Group 4<\/jats:italic> demonstrated mild chronic inflammation or no significant inflammation, with uncommon micro\u2010ulceration (1\/4, 25%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe tracheal inflammation was not demonstrated in mechanically ventilated COVID\u201019 positive patients at the level of the second\/third tracheal rings, at the stage of disease patients underwent tracheostomy. Histological findings were similar between mechanically ventilated COVID\u201019 positive and negative patients. Tracheal ulceration may be a feature of early or severe COVID\u201019 disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T22:29:44Z","timestamp":1633472984000},"page":"131-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Histological findings of tracheal samples from COVID\u201019 positive critically ill mechanically ventilated patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1925-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick Alexander","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Magill Department of Anaesthesia Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Marc","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Pathology, North West London Pathology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Charing Cross Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Pathology, North West London Pathology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Charing Cross Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Pathology, North West London Pathology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Charing Cross Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William James Buchanan","family":"Smellie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chelwest COVID\u201019 Tracheostomy Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23204.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.4148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1012-5574.133218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196903000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31305-2"}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.13872","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/coa.13872","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.13872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T07:26:31Z","timestamp":1692861991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.13872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.13872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.13872","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1749-4478"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1749-4486"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}