{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T13:38:59Z","timestamp":1770644339156,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M3A9H2032424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M3A9H2032424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M3E5D5064110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M3E5D5064110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A1A01051844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01051844"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the effect of topical steroids on acute\u2010onset olfactory dysfunction in patients infected with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of cohort studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients infected with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane database and Google\u00a0Scholar were searched for articles up to September 2021. We analysed studies comparing the improvement of olfactory dysfunction between topical steroid treatment and control groups (placebo or no treatment). In addition, we performed a subgroup analysis by study type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The improvement of olfactory score at 2 (standardised mean difference [SMD]\u00a0=\u00a00.7272, 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a0[0.3851, 1.0692], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a062.1%) and 4\u00a0weeks post\u2010treatment (SMD\u00a0=\u00a01.0440 [0.6777, 1.4102], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a061.2%) was statistically greater in the treatment than control group. However, there was no significant difference (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a01.4345 [0.9525, 2.1604], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0842, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a045.4%) in the incidence of fully recovery from anosmia\/hyposmia between the treatment and control groups. In subgroup analysis, there were no significant differences in the improvement of olfactory score at 4\u00a0weeks post\u2010treatment (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.6177 [0.1309, 1.1045] vs. 0.1720 [0.8002, 1.5438], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0761) or the incidence of full recovery from anosmia\/hyposmia (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.8478 [0.6092, 5.6053] vs. 1.3784 [0.8872, 2.1414], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.8038) between randomised and non\u2010randomised controlled trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although this meta\u2010analysis found that topical steroids improved the acute\u2010onset olfactory dysfunction caused by COVID\u201019, there was no difference in the rate of full olfactory recovery between treated and control patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T07:34:41Z","timestamp":1648625681000},"page":"509-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Efficacy of topical steroids for the treatment of olfactory disorders caused by COVID\u201019: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Do Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8981-2536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minju","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2838-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Hwan","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2020.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15917.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2020.02369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06520-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long\u2010 lasting olfactory disorders in COVID\u201019 patients","volume":"59","author":"Vaira LA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107871"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30317-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070\u2010021\u201002749\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2020.00584"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060698"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2020.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjx025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.6.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.201266"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750001189"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","article-title":"Interventions for the prevention of persistent post\u2010COVID\u201019 olfactory dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Webster KE","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/CRST.CRST_216_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa041"}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.13933","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/coa.13933","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.13933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T15:18:33Z","timestamp":1692631113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.13933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.13933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.13933","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4478","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}