{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T08:28:05Z","timestamp":1769588885841,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial function correlates with quality of life in facial palsy. Previous studies have examined a linear relationship; based on clinical experience, we hypothesize a curved regression (i.e. quadratic or cubic) will be more fitting to show the correlation between quality of life and facial function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared the fit of a linear regression model between Sunnybrook scores (facial function) and FaCE and FDI scores (quality of life) to a quadratic and cubic regression model in 125 patients cross\u2010sectionally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 125 patients were included, 53.6% female with a mean (standard deviation) age of 56.6 (16.7) and a median (interquartile range) duration of palsy of 6.6 (1.5; 18.3) years. The quadratic regression proved a significant improvement over a linear regression analysis in the model using the FaCE total score (linear <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> =.346, quadratic <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> = .378, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .033) and the FDI physical score (linear <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> = .245, quadratic <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> =.276, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .034). The cubic regression analysis was no significant improvement over a quadratic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between facial function and quality of life in facial palsy is not linear meaning that there is a lot of variation in QoL in cases with severe and moderate facial impairment. This is most applicable to patients suffering from post\u2010paralysis synkinesis, proving the highly individually experienced burden of synkinesis. As the relationship is not linear it should not be included as such in future research studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T08:21:43Z","timestamp":1649060503000},"page":"541-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A cross\u2010sectional analysis of facial palsy\u2010related quality of life in 125 patients: Comparing linear, quadratic and cubic regression analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruch\u00e1ma","family":"Verhoeff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa E.","family":"Bruins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koen J. A. O.","family":"Ingels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M. N.","family":"Werker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2233-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martinus M.","family":"van Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3508-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-015-0528-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health\u2010related quality of life in facial palsy: translation and validation of the Dutch version facial disability index","volume":"18","author":"MMv V","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989670206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq156"}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.13934","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/coa.13934","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.13934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T15:18:22Z","timestamp":1692631102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.13934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.13934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.13934","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4478","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}