{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:19:35Z","timestamp":1792084775850,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002597","name":"Kyung Hee University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KHU\u201020201217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KHU\u201020201217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002597","name":"Kyung Hee University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KHU\u201020212248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KHU\u201020212248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otitis media (OM) has a high prevalence worldwide and the treatment is crucial because hearing loss in children can lead to growth disorders such as language development disorders. The aim of this study is to analyse the changes in bacterial strains and the trends of antibiotic susceptibility in otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) and cholesteatomatous otitis media (Chole OM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study involved 2926 patients diagnosed with OME, COM, or Chole OM between January 2000 and December 2020. The clinical data were collected and analysed through chart review from May 2021 to July 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two tertiary medical centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2926 OM patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>An otorrhea sample was collected on the first day of their hospital visit. Middle ear fluid samples for bacterial culture and antibiotics susceptibility test were collected from patients during middle ear surgery, including ventilation tube insertion. In each type of OM, the distribution of bacterial strains in the 2000s and the 2010s was compared. In addition, changes in the detection rate of methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (PA) and trends in their antibiotic susceptibility over the last 10\u2009years were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most frequently detected bacterial strains in OME, COM and Chole OM over the study period were coagulase\u2010negative <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> (CNS) (29.6%), MRSA (24.1%), and PA (20.1%). Compared to the 2000s, the proportion of non\u2010typable <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> in OME and MRSA in COM increased in the 2010s (27.4%\u201331.6% and 1.5%\u201329.5%, respectively). In total three types of OM, although there was no significant trend of change in detection rates of MRSA, PA, and multidrug resistant\u2010<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (MDR\u2010PA) during the last 10\u2009years, resistance to the Quinolone class of MRSA and PA tended to increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The composition of bacterial strains in each types of OM has changed over the past 20\u2009years. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance of MRSA and PA has increased in the last decade. Therefore, when using empirical antibiotics in necessary situations, it is necessary to change to an appropriate antibiotic through a bacterial culture test and antimicrobial susceptibility test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:12Z","timestamp":1690156812000},"page":"872-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bacteriology and trends of antimicrobial resistance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> and methicillin\u2010resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> in otitis media: A retrospective data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0057-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Woong","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Kyung Hee 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