{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:32:10Z","timestamp":1792481530657,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fortunately, the majority of COVID\u201019 patients recover from olfactory dysfunction (OD) within the first couple of weeks. However, from approximately 5% up to 20% continue to suffer from OD even more than 1\u2009year after the onset. Nonetheless, factors associated with long\u2010lasting OD are hardly known. The aim of this study was to identify favourable and disadvantageous markers of persisting OD in COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010six patients (46 female; mean age: 39.9\u2009years) that suffer from OD longer than 6\u2009months due to laboratory\u2010confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection have participated in this longitudinal study. Participants completed comprehensive psychophysical chemosensory tests (i.e., Sniffin' Sticks\u2009=\u2009TDI) and questionnaires twice at our department\u2014on average 219\u2009\u00b1\u200980 (T\u20101) and 489\u2009\u00b1\u200989 (T\u20102) days after the onset of symptoms, respectively. Olfactory recovery rates were associated with demographic factors and questionnaires using linear regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients below 40\u2009years of age improved better (TDI: 4.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 vs. 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and achieved statistically significant higher scores (TDI: 31.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0 vs. 27.3\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033) regarding psychophysical chemosensory tests. Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed that parosmia was associated with worse orthonasal smell function (T\u20101: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.346, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004; T\u20102: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.384, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), especially concerning identification subtest (T\u20101: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.395, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; T\u20102: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.398, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Moreover, increasing parosmia between T\u20101and T\u20102 led to worse orthonasal olfactory function (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.294, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Older age and parosmia seem to be unfavourable factors of persisting OD in COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T10:55:33Z","timestamp":1726916133000},"page":"53-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors Associated With Persisting Olfactory Dysfunction After <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0193-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Prem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6948-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David T.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Boehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia T.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertold","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Friedrich\u2010Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin22.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320929169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000783"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07153-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29383"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22680"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07781-1"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1256","article-title":"Analysis of Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Long\u2010Lasting Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID\u201019 Patients","volume":"12","author":"Callejon\u2010Leblic M. 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