{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:59:00Z","timestamp":1778864340757,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a valuable tool for the assessment of the upper airway in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). General anaesthesia induces sleep\u2010like conditions during DISE; however, there is limited understanding of the neurophysiological aspects of this sleep. We conducted a prospective cohort pilot study recording electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) data in paediatric OSA patients during DISE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demonstrate the safety and feasibility of collecting sleep stages during DISE in paediatric patients with OSA. Characterise sleep stages of paediatric OSA patients undergoing DISE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort pilot study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Academic medical centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients between two (2) and 18\u2009years old (inclusive) with a history of OSA and preoperative polysomnography (PSG) were recruited. Patients with known craniofacial abnormalities were excluded. Non\u2010English or non\u2010Spanish speaking subjects were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 13 subjects aged 3 to 13\u2009years old. EEG, EOG, and EMG data was collected during the DISE procedure. Raw data was scored by a board\u2010certified sleep medicine physician. Six subjects experienced N1 sleep, 12 subjects experienced N2 sleep, and 5 subjects experienced N3 sleep. Most subjects spent the majority of their time in N2 sleep. No subjects experienced REM sleep. The primary intravenous sedative agent used was dexmedetomidine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study gives the first insight into sleep stages of paediatric OSA patients undergoing DISE. Additional investigation of the neurophysiology and the effects of different intravenous anaesthetics during the DISE procedure is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:35:57Z","timestamp":1744864557000},"page":"758-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Sleep Stages During Drug\u2010Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Pediatric Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1515-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Abend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chase","family":"Hintelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine H.","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Uknuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Sleep Laboratory  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Ramagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Sleep Laboratory  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.6.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012\u20101671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7030093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2021.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9908058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010013\u20102548\u20103"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"5691","article-title":"Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol Used for Drug\u2010Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z U.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815625972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2013.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u20106576.2007.01537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010200302000\u201000024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010200509000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2009.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010017\u20101521\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.10765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176067"}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.14321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T06:12:18Z","timestamp":1748844738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.14321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.14321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.14321","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/COA.14321\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/COA.14321\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/COA.14321\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/COA.14321\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/COA.14321\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4478","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}