{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:19:17Z","timestamp":1759450757499,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To better elucidate the aetiologies, symptomatology, and surgical repair outcomes for nasal septal perforations in the paediatric population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science libraries were queried using the terms \u201cnasal septum,\u201d \u201cperforation,\u201d and \u201cpaediatric\u201d and all relevant synonyms. All studies that included data on nasal septal perforations in patients aged 0\u201318 and their etiologies were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 498 studies were reviewed, 9 retrospective studies with 219 patients were included for the primary analysis. The most common etiologies for nasal septal perforations in the literature were iatrogenic (34.25%), traumatic (23.29%), and idiopathic (18.26%). The most reported symptoms were crusting, epistaxis, and nasal obstruction. The overall closure rate for surgical repair was 0.86 [95% CI 0.76\u20130.95; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200917%]. Closure rates were notably lower in patients with autoimmune, drug, and foreign body related etiologies. There was no clear relationship between perforation size and closure success.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, paediatric nasal septal perforations appear to primarily be caused by iatrogenic and traumatic etiologies. Paediatric patients also experience high proportions of foreign body\u2010related defects. Closure rates remain high for paediatric patients with nasal septal perforations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T02:45:53Z","timestamp":1755053153000},"page":"1082-1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paediatric Nasal Septal Perforations Systematic Review: Etiologies, Symptoms, and Treatment Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7575-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California University of Science and Medicine, School of Medicine  Colton California USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Mamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California University of Science and Medicine, School of Medicine  Colton California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2472-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihal","family":"Punjabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4689-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared C.","family":"Inman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Loma Linda University Health  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.1.12"},{"volume-title":"Septal Perforation","year":"2023","author":"Downs B. 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