{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:38:36Z","timestamp":1775450316179,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent paediatric epistaxis is a common condition that is often distressing for children and their caregivers. Although treatments such as Naseptin or silver nitrate cautery are widely used, a recurrence of epistaxis after an initial symptom\u2010free period is frequent. Yet, there is a lack of robust, long\u2010term studies comparing treatment modalities and sustained success rates. This study aims to address that gap by evaluating long\u2010term outcomes in a previously established paediatric cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a follow\u2010up analysis of a 2020 cohort at a tertiary paediatric otolaryngology centre. Patients were contacted by letter and SMS to schedule a telephone appointment. Anonymised data, including age, sex, healthcare attendances, interventions and epistaxis frequency, were collected using a standardised proforma. Statistical analysis was performed using R Statistical Software (v4.5.1; R Core Team 2025).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred and ten patients were scheduled for a telephone appointment and 145 (69.0%) were successfully contacted. Mean age was 13.08\u2009years, with 125 males and 85 females. Median follow\u2010up was 48\u2009months. Among the 75 patients (51.7%) who reported persistent epistaxis, 65.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949) had not sought any further medical care. Persistent epistaxis was reported in 44.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) of patients treated with Naseptin alone, compared to 57.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) of those who also received silver nitrate cautery. There was no significant difference in the rate of recurrence between Naseptin and added cautery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent epistaxis was common, with no significant difference between treatment with Naseptin alone and those who also received silver nitrate cautery. Patient\/parent education is essential to explain the aetiology of recurrent paediatric epistaxis, its natural history and appropriate first aid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T11:21:25Z","timestamp":1766748085000},"page":"375-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long Term Outcomes of Paediatric Epistaxis Management\u2014Follow\u2010Up From a 4\u2010Year Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Ireland  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Crotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Ireland  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghad","family":"Alshammasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Ireland  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen B.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Ireland  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons  Dublin 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