{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:47:48Z","timestamp":1791780468334,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It has been previously reported that patients with vestibular migraine (VM) are more prone to anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, the association between the pathophysiology of VM and anxiety and depressive symptoms is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate this association by comparing patients with VM and probable VM (PVM), based on the hypothesis that patients fulfilling the complete diagnostic criteria for VM more closely represent the core clinical phenotype of the disorder than those fulfilling the criteria for PVM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the medical records of 1736 consecutive patients seen at our clinic between March 2018, when routine measurement of Self\u2010rating Depression Scale (SDS) and State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) began, and December 2024. Thirty\u2010four VM patients and 13 PVM patients were included. Multiple regression analyses were performed to see whether the subjects' age, sex or the VM diagnostic category (VM vs. PVM) had an association with SDS, STAI\u20101 and STAI\u20102 scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The VM diagnostic category was significantly associated with SDS scores, with VM patients showing higher scores than PVM patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0095; post hoc power\u2009=\u20090.92). There was no significant association between the VM diagnostic category and STAI\u20101 or STAI\u20102 scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.542 and 0.367; post hoc power\u2009=\u20090.10 and 0.23), suggesting that limited statistical power may have affected detection of anxiety associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VM patients are more likely to report depressive symptoms than PVM patients, suggesting an association between VM pathophysiology and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:38:16Z","timestamp":1791779896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Vestibular Migraine and Probable Vestibular Migraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chisato","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0425-1010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kento","family":"Koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-1178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Ichijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mineko","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5447-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0496-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237539.09942.06","article-title":"Migrainous Vertigo: Prevalence and Impact on Quality of Life","volume":"67","author":"Neuhauser H. K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres14050065","article-title":"Psychiatric Comorbidities and Quality of Life in Patients With Vestibular Migraine and Migraine Without Vertigo: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study From a Tertiary Clinic","volume":"14","author":"Batinovi\u0107 F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Audiology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10636-0","article-title":"Characteristic Differences Between Vestibular Migraine and Migraine Only Patients","volume":"269","author":"\u00d6z\u00e7elik P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8439-6","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine Patients Are More Anxious Than Migraine Patients Without Vestibular Symptoms","volume":"264","author":"Kutay \u00d6.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307601","article-title":"Psychiatric Comorbidity and Psychosocial Impairment Among Patients With Vertigo and Dizziness","volume":"86","author":"Lahmann C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0697-x","article-title":"Psychiatric Comorbidity in Different Organic Vertigo Syndromes","volume":"255","author":"Eckhardt\u2010Henn A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2012-0453","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine: Diagnostic Criteria","volume":"22","author":"Lempert T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition (Beta Version)","volume":"33","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411405228","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine\u2014Validity of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria","volume":"31","author":"Radtke A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.4.436","article-title":"The Interrelations of Migraine, Vertigo, and Migrainous Vertigo","volume":"56","author":"Neuhauser H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09851-y","article-title":"Utriculo\u2010Ocular Pathway Dysfunction Is More Frequent in Vestibular Migraine Than Probable Vestibular Migraine","volume":"267","author":"Fujimoto C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008","article-title":"A Self\u2010Rating Depression Scale","volume":"12","author":"Zung W. W.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1985.57.3f.1091","article-title":"Reliability, Discriminant and Predictive Validity of the Zung Self\u2010Rating Depression Scale","volume":"57","author":"Gabrys J. B.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.132.4.381","article-title":"Validity of the Zung Self\u2010Rating Depression Scale","volume":"132","author":"Biggs J. T.","year":"1978","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"530","article-title":"A Study on a Self\u2010Rating Depression Scale","volume":"75","author":"Fukuda K.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","volume-title":"Manual for the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Development and Validation of Japanese Version of State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory","volume":"22","author":"Nakazato K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Shinshin Igaku"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14020163","article-title":"Understanding the Biological Relationship Between Migraine and Depression","volume":"14","author":"Viudez\u2010Mart\u00ednez A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14390","article-title":"The Exploration of Mechanisms of Comorbidity Between Migraine and Depression","volume":"23","author":"Zhang Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520170016015","article-title":"Migraine Prophylaxis. A Comparison of Propranolol and Amitriptyline","volume":"44","author":"Ziegler D. K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00526.x","article-title":"Selective Decrease in Serotonin Synthesis Rate in Rat Brainstem Raphe Nuclei Following Chronic Administration of Low Doses of Amitriptyline: An Effect Compatible With an Anti\u2010Migraine Effect","volume":"23","author":"Pringsheim T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2021.02.005","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Propranolol, Flunarizine, Amitriptyline and Botulinum Toxin in Vestibular Migraine Complaints and Prophylaxis: A Non\u2010Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"88","author":"G\u00f6r\u00fcr K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.70158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/coa.70158","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.70158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:38:25Z","timestamp":1791779905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.70158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.70158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.70158","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4478","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"coa.70158"}}