{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T03:00:44Z","timestamp":1785121244561,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obesity is a key risk factor for chronic disease and multimorbidity, yet variation in how obesity is defined may influence risk estimation in clinical practise. Waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio (WHR) and waist\u2010to\u2010height ratio (WHtR) are better at capturing fat distribution than body mass index (BMI) and may have a role in obesity related multimorbidity prediction. To examine multimorbidity risk across obesity groups classified using BMI in combination with WHR\/WHtR. A UK Biobank cohort free of comorbidity at baseline (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009179\u2009876) was followed for incident first long\u2010term condition and multimorbidity (\u2265\u20092 of 38 conditions) over a mean of 9.9\u2009years. Six adiposity categories combining BMI with WHR\/WHtR were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses evaluated whether high central obesity (WHtR \u2265\u20090.6) provided additional risk stratification within BMI groups. Combined general with central obesity showed highest risk for the first condition (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.087\u20131.138) and multimorbidity (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.093\u20131.172). However, BMI\u2010stratified subgroup analyses, central obesity provided additional risk discrimination only among individuals in the overweight category (BMI 25\u201329.9\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), but not among those with BMI \u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Waist\u2010based measures improved risk identification in adults with overweight BMI, supporting the potential role of combined BMI\u2010waist approaches for earlier multimorbidity prevention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T01:53:13Z","timestamp":1784166793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Classification and Severity Assessment of Obesity in Clinical Risk Prediction of Multimorbidity Trajectories"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2322-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afua","family":"Ampadu\u2010Yeboah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular &amp; Metabolic Health University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular &amp; Metabolic Health University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhautesh Dinesh","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15256\/joc.2016.6.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-018-0485-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmt061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp11X548929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Normal Weight Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Khonsari N. 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