{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:27:43Z","timestamp":1790764063228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]],"date-time":"2013-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Loss of key plant\u2013animal interactions (e.g., disturbance, seed dispersal, and herbivory) due to extinctions of large herbivores has diminished ecosystem functioning nearly worldwide. Mitigating for the ecological consequences of large herbivore losses through the use of ecological replacements to fill extinct species\u2019 niches and thereby replicate missing ecological functions has been proposed. It is unknown how different morphologically and ecologically a replacement can be from the extinct species and still provide similar functions. We studied niche equivalency between 2 phenotypes of Gal\u00e1pagos giant tortoises (domed and saddlebacked) that were translocated to Pinta Island in the Gal\u00e1pagos Archipelago as ecological replacements for the extinct saddlebacked giant tortoise (Chelonoidis abingdonii). Thirty\u2010nine adult, nonreproductive tortoises were introduced to Pinta Island in May 2010, and we observed tortoise resource use in relation to phenotype during the first year following release. Domed tortoises settled in higher, moister elevations than saddlebacked tortoises, which favored lower elevation arid zones. The areas where the tortoises settled are consistent with the ecological conditions each phenotype occupies in its native range. Saddlebacked tortoises selected areas with high densities of the arboreal prickly pear cactus (Opuntia galapageia) and mostly foraged on the cactus, which likely relied on the extinct saddlebacked Pinta tortoise for seed dispersal. In contrast, domed tortoises did not select areas with cactus and therefore would not provide the same seed\u2010dispersal functions for the cactus as the introduced or the original, now extinct, saddlebacked tortoises. Interchangeability of extant megaherbivores as replacements for extinct forms therefore should be scrutinized given the lack of equivalency we observed in closely related forms of giant tortoises. Our results also demonstrate the value of trial introductions of sterilized individuals to test niche equivalency among candidate analog species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Equivalencia de Tortugas Gigantes de las Gal\u00e1pagos Utilizadas como Especie de Reemplazo Ecol\u00f3gico para Restaurar las Funciones de los Ecosistemas<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]],"date-time":"2013-03-26T12:08:58Z","timestamp":1364299738000},"page":"701-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Equivalency of Gal\u00e1pagos Giant Tortoises Used as Ecological Replacement Species to Restore Ecosystem Functions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"ELIZABETH A.","family":"HUNTER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive  Syracuse NY 13210 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAMES P.","family":"GIBBS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive  Syracuse NY 13210 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LINDA J.","family":"CAYOT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galapagos Conservancy 11150 Fairfax Boulevard  Suite 408 Fairfax VA 22030 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WASHINGTON","family":"TAPIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gal\u00e1pagos National Park Service, Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz  Gal\u00e1pagos Islands Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102656.12020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102699.2011.02672.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1367943003003408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-009-9590-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605304000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Ecology of giant tortoises (Geochelone elephantopus) in the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands","author":"Cayot L. 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