{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:01:07Z","timestamp":1790776867300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000936","name":"Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001184","name":"International Fund for Animal Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001184","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009034","name":"Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Winifred Violet Scott Estate"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    For cetaceans, population structure is traditionally determined by molecular genetics or photographically identified individuals. Acoustic data, however, has provided information on movement and population structure with less effort and cost than traditional methods in an array of taxa. Male humpback whales\n                    <jats:roman>(Megaptera novaeangliae)<\/jats:roman>\n                    produce a continually evolving vocal sexual display, or song, that is similar among all males in a population. The rapid cultural transmission (the transfer of information or behavior between conspecifics through social learning) of different versions of this display between distinct but interconnected populations in the western and central South Pacific region presents a unique way to investigate population structure based on the movement dynamics of a song (acoustic) display. Using 11 years of data, we investigated an acoustically based population structure for the region by comparing stereotyped song sequences among populations and years. We used the Levenshtein distance technique to group previously defined populations into (vocally based) clusters based on the overall similarity of their song display in space and time. We identified the following distinct vocal clusters: western cluster, 1 population off eastern Australia; central cluster, populations around New Caledonia, Tonga, and American Samoa; and eastern region, either a single cluster or 2 clusters, one around the Cook Islands and the other off French Polynesia. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that each breeding aggregation represents a distinct population (each occupied a single, terminal node) in a metapopulation, similar to the current understanding of population structure based on genetic and photo\u2010identification studies. However, the central vocal cluster had higher levels of song\u2010sharing among populations than the other clusters, indicating that levels of vocal connectivity varied within the region. Our results demonstrate the utility and value of using culturally transmitted vocal patterns as a way of defining connectivity to infer population structure. We suggest vocal patterns be incorporated by the International Whaling Commission in conjunction with traditional methods in the assessment of structure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T14:49:17Z","timestamp":1428418157000},"page":"1198-1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Population structure of humpback whales in the western and central South Pacific Ocean as determined by vocal exchange among populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ellen C.","family":"Garland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetacean Ecology and Acoustics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland  Gatton QLD 4343 Australia"},{"name":"South Pacific Whale Research Consortium  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"},{"name":"National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center NMFS, NOAA  7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle WA 98115 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne W.","family":"Goldizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland  St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Lilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SecuritEase International  Level 8, IBM Tower 25 Victoria Street Petone 5012 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda L.","family":"Rekdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetacean Ecology and Acoustics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland  Gatton QLD 4343 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Garrigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Pacific Whale Research Consortium  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"},{"name":"Op\u00e9ration C\u00e9tac\u00e9s  BP12827 98802 Noumea New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rochelle","family":"Constantine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Pacific Whale Research Consortium  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland  Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan Daeschler","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Pacific Whale Research Consortium  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"},{"name":"Cook Islands Whale Research  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Michael","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Pacific Whale Research Consortium  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"},{"name":"Marine Mammal Research Program  BP 698 Maharepa 98728 Moorea French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jooke","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Pacific Whale Research Consortium  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"},{"name":"Center for Coastal Studies 5 Holway Avenue  Provincetown MA 02657 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Noad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetacean Ecology and Acoustics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland  Gatton QLD 4343 Australia"},{"name":"South Pacific Whale Research Consortium  P.O. Box 3069 Avarua Rarotonga Cook Islands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/344238a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2011.00491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Songs of humpback whales: the Australian perspective","volume":"30","author":"Cato DH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Queensland Museum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Megaptera novaeangliae","author":"Childerhouse S","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF9650033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Catches of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, by the Soviet Union and other nations in the Southern Ocean, 1947\u20131973","volume":"71","author":"Clapham P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Marine Fisheries 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