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We applied the transformer species concept to the plague bacterium\n                    <jats:roman>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:roman>\n                    in western North America, where the pathogen was introduced around 1900.\n                    <jats:roman>Y. pestis<\/jats:roman>\n                    transforms grassland ecosystems by severely depleting the abundance of prairie dogs (\n                    <jats:roman>Cynomys spp.<\/jats:roman>\n                    ) and thereby causing declines in native species abundance and diversity, including threatened and endangered species; altering food web connections; altering the import and export of nutrients; causing a loss of ecosystem resilience to encroaching invasive plants; and modifying prairie dog burrows.\n                    <jats:roman>Y. pestis<\/jats:roman>\n                    poses an important challenge to conservation biologists because it causes trophic\u2010level perturbations that affect the stability of ecosystems. Unfortunately, understanding of the effects of\n                    <jats:roman>Y. pestis<\/jats:roman>\n                    on ecosystems is rudimentary, highlighting an acute need for continued research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,29]],"date-time":"2015-03-29T03:04:26Z","timestamp":1427598266000},"page":"1086-1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Eads","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology Colorado State University  Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center  2150 Centre Avenue, Building C Fort Collins CO 80526 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean E.","family":"Biggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center  2150 Centre Avenue, Building C Fort Collins CO 80526 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-012-0783-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"The influence of sylvatic plague on North American wildlife at the landscape level, with special emphasis on black\u2010footed ferret and prairie dog conservation","volume":"67","author":"Antolin MF","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transactions of the North American Natural Resources Conference"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-008-9230-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2111\/REM-D-14-00032.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Proceedings of the symposium on the management of prairie dog complexes for reintroduction of the black\u2010footed ferret. 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