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An evaluation of species tolerance to temperature change can therefore help predict their potential spatial shifts and population trends triggered by ongoing global warming. We assessed inter\u2010 and intraspecific variations in heat resistance in relation to body mass, local mean temperatures, and evolutionary relationships in 39 bumblebee species, a major group of pollinators in temperate and cold ecosystems, across 3 continents, 6 biomes, and 20 regions (2386 male specimens). Based on experimental bioassays, we measured the time before heat stupor of bumblebee males at a heatwave temperature of 40\u00a0\u00b0C. Interspecific variability was significant, in contrast to interpopulational variability, which was consistent with heat resistance being a species\u2010specific trait. Moreover, cold\u2010adapted species are much more sensitive to heat stress than temperate and Mediterranean species. Relative to their sensitivity to extreme temperatures, our results help explain recent population declines and range shifts in bumblebees following climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T14:27:09Z","timestamp":1608042429000},"page":"1507-1518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Global effects of extreme temperatures on wild bumblebees"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4369-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Martinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons (UMons)  Place du Parc 20 Mons 7000 Belgium"},{"name":"Evolutionary Biology &amp; Ecology Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles  Avenue Paul H\u00e9ger \u2010 CP 160\/12 Brussels 1000 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9558-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Dellicour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Epidemiology Lab. 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