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Further, they must address a suite of unique challenges, such as the increasing use of mobile devices by participants and avoiding bots or other survey fraud. We reviewed recent literature on online survey methods to examine the state of the field related to online data collection and dissemination. We illustrate the review with examples of key methodological decisions made during a recent national study of people who feed wild birds, in which survey respondents were recruited through an online panel and a sample generated via a project participant list. Conducting surveys online affords new opportunities for participant recruitment, design, and pilot testing. For instance, online survey panels can provide quick access to large and diverse samples of people. Based on the literature review and our own experiences, we suggest that to ensure high\u2010quality online surveys one should account for potential sampling and nonresponse error, design survey instruments for use on multiple devices, test the instrument, and use multiple protocols to identify data quality problems. We also suggest that research funders, journal editors, and policy makers can all play a role in ensuring high\u2010quality survey data are used to inform effective conservation programs and policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T20:39:28Z","timestamp":1619123968000},"page":"1650-1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Conducting conservation social science surveys online"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0652-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe B.","family":"Wardropper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Dayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline S.","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria Y.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR). 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