{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:52:24Z","timestamp":1781787144142,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the European Union's main instrument for agricultural planning, with a new reform approved for 2023\u20132027. The CAP intends to align with the European Green Deal (EGD), a set of policy initiatives underpinning sustainable development and climate neutrality in the European Union (EU), but several flaws cast doubts about the compatibility of the objectives of these 2 policies. We reviewed recent literature on the potential of CAP environmental objectives for integration with the EGD: protection of biodiversity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and sustainable management of natural resources. The CAP lacks appropriate planning measures, furthering instead risks to biodiversity and ecosystem services driven by landscape and biotic homogenization. Funding allocation mechanisms are not tailored to mitigate agricultural emissions, decreasing the efficiency of climate mitigation actions. The legislation subsidies farmers making extensive use of synthetic inputs without adequately supporting organic production, hindering the transition toward sustainable practices. We recommend proper control mechanisms be introduced in CAP Strategic Plans from each member state to ensure the EU is set on a sustainable production and consumption path. These include proportional assignment of funds to each CAP objective, quantitative targets to set goals and evidence\u2010based interventions, and relevant indicators to facilitate effective monitoring of environmental performance. Both the CAP and the EGD should maintain ambitious environmental commitments in the face of crisis to avoid further degradation of the natural resources on which production systems stand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T05:09:53Z","timestamp":1674191393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Opportunities and challenges for Common Agricultural Policy reform to support the European Green Deal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6212-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivon","family":"Cuadros\u2010Casanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8197-9518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cristiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7707-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dino","family":"Biancolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cimatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Antonio","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria Yeraldin","family":"Mendez Angarita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9829-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Dragonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Pacifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6617-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Rondinini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8902-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moreno","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Evaluation study of the impact of the CAP on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions","author":"Alliance Environment","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Alliance Environment. (2019).Evaluation of the impact of the CAP on habitats landscapes biodiversity(Final Report).European Commission."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-7-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"EU 28: Oilseeds and products semi\u2010annual","author":"Boshnakova M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Catanoso J.(2020).French Guiana soy biofuel power plants risk massive Amazon deforestation.Mongabay.https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2020\/12\/french\u2010guiana\u2010soy\u2010biofuel\u2010power\u2010plants\u2010risk\u2010massive\u2010amazon\u2010deforestation\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Corporate Europe Observatory. (2020).CAP vs Farm to Fork. Will we pay billions to destroy or to support biodiversity climate and farmers?Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Council of the European Union. (2021).Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing rules on support for strategic plans to be drawn up by Member States under the Common agricultural policy and financed by the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1305\/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EU) No 1307\/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aecr.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2019a).The European Green Deal(COM\/2019\/640 final). Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2019b).Indicative outline of terms of reference for the ex\u2010ante evaluation of the CAP strategic plan(TWG\u20107\/Tool 1.2). Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2020a).Analysis of links between CAP Reform and Green Deal(SWD(2020) 93 final). Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2020b).Report from the commission to the European parliament and the council on the experience gained by Member States on the implementation of national targets established in their National Action Plans and on progress in the implementation of Directive 2009\/128\/EC on the sustainable use of pesticides. Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"EU agriculture in numbers \u2013 Performance on the nine specific objectives of the CAP. EU country factsheets","author":"European Commission","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2020d).Farm to fork strategy: For a fair healthy and environmentally\u2010friendly food system. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament the Council the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2022).Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022\/1475 of 6 September 2022 laying down detailed rules for implementation of Regulation (EU) 2021\/2115 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the evaluation of the CAP Strategic Plans and the provision of information for monitoring and evaluation. Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Greening: A more complex income support scheme, not yet environmentally effective","author":"European Court of Auditors","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Biodiversity on farmland: CAP contribution has not halted the decline","author":"European Court of Auditors","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Protection of wild pollinators in the EU \u2010 Commission initiatives have not borne fruit","author":"European Court of Auditors","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"European Environment Agency. (2019).The European Environment\u2014State and outlook 2020: Knowledge for transition to a sustainable Europe. Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"European Parliament. (2020).Towards a post\u20102020 common agricultural policy. Fact sheets on the European Union.https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/factsheets\/en\/sheet\/113\/towards\u2010a\u2010post\u20102020\u2010common\u2010agricultural\u2010policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"Eurostat. 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