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The extent to which protected area (PA) management effectively prevents mangrove loss globally across differing management objectives and governance types is not well understood. We combined remote sensing data with PA information to identify the extent and the drivers of mangrove loss across PAs with distinct governance types and protection levels based on categories developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Mangrove loss due to storms and erosion was prevalent across all governance types and most IUCN categories. However, the extent of human\u2010driven loss differed across governance types and IUCN categories. Loss was highest in national government PAs. Private, local, shared arrangement, and subnational government agencies had low human\u2010driven mangrove loss. Human\u2010driven loss was highest in PAs with the highest level of restrictions on human activities (IUCN category I) due to mangrove conversion to areas for commodity production (e.g., aquaculture), whereas PAs that allowed sustainable resource use (e.g., category VI) experienced low levels of human\u2010driven mangrove loss. Because category I PAs with high human\u2010driven loss were primarily governed by national government agencies, conservation outcomes in highly PAs might depend not only on the level of restrictions, but also on the governance type. Mangrove loss across different governance types and IUCN categories varied regionally. Specific governance types and IUCN categories thus seemed more effective in preventing mangrove loss in certain regions. Overall, we found that natural drivers contributed to global mangrove loss across all PAs, whereas human\u2010driven mangrove loss was lowest in PAs with subnational\u2010 to local\u2010level governance and PAs with few restrictions on human activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T04:59:30Z","timestamp":1716181170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Global drivers of mangrove loss in protected areas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4658-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Heck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coastal Studies East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of\u00a0Earth System Science Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic A.","family":"Andradi\u2010Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Conservation World Wildlife Fund  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospheric Sciences Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt Maryland USA"},{"name":"Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research II University of Maryland, Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coastal Studies East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabby N.","family":"Ahmadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Conservation World Wildlife Fund  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lagomasino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coastal Studies East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/824\/1\/012048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1099579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2020.108533"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-1510.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.CH.2017.PARKS-23-1HB.en"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Governance of protected areas: From understanding to action. 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