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European legislation requires that wolf\u2013dog hybridization be mitigated through effective management. We developed an individual\u2010based model (IBM) to simulate the life cycle of gray wolves that incorporates aspects of wolf sociality that affect hybridization rates (e.g., the dissolution of packs after the death of one\/both breeders) with the goal of informing decision\u2010making on management of wolf\u2013dog hybridization. We applied our model by projecting hybridization dynamics in a local wolf population under different mate choice and immigration scenarios and contrasted results of removal of admixed individuals with their sterilization and release. In several scenarios, lack of management led to complete admixture, whereas reactive management interventions effectively reduced admixture in wolf populations. Management effectiveness, however, strongly depended on mate choice and number and admixture level of individuals immigrating into the wolf population. The inclusion of anthropogenic mortality affecting parental and admixed individuals (e.g., poaching) increased the probability of pack dissolution and thus increased the probability of interbreeding with dogs or admixed individuals and boosted hybridization and introgression rates in all simulation scenarios. Recognizing the necessity of additional model refinements (appropriate parameterization, thorough sensitivity analyses, and robust model validation) to generate management recommendations applicable in real\u2010world scenarios, we maintain confidence in our model's potential as a valuable conservation tool that can be applied to diverse situations and species facing similar threats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T02:34:32Z","timestamp":1718764472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simulating the efficacy of wolf\u2013dog hybridization management with individual\u2010based modeling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9148-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina Luisa","family":"Santostasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies \u201cCharles Darwin\u201d Sapienza University of Rome  Roma Italy"},{"name":"CEFE CNRS, Univ. 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