{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T07:04:00Z","timestamp":1780815840419,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019323","name":"BAND foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Illegal collecting of wild Venus flytraps (\n                    <jats:italic>Dionaea muscipula<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) for the horticultural trade represents a persistent threat to populations of the species across their endemic range in the coastal plain of North and South Carolina (United States). Although wild collecting of Venus flytraps is not a novel threat, there has been very little research on the impacts of collecting on the species\u2019 conservation to date or why an illegal trade persists alongside a legal one. We drew on qualitative expert stakeholder elicitation to contextualize the threat of illegal collecting to the long\u2010term conservation of Venus flytraps in relation to other anthropogenic threats. Expert elicitation included botanical and conservation researchers, cognizant state and federal agency staff, land managers, and conservation nonprofit actors. The workshop included mapping of supply chain structures and prioritization of social and environmental harms. Expert consensus determined illegal collecting is an ongoing problem for Venus flytrap conservation, but habitat destruction, degradation, and fire suppression are the most significant threats to flytrap conservation. Supply chain analysis showed that observable social and environmental harms of the trade are focused at the supply stage and that less is known about transit and demand stages. Key research gaps identified include a lack of understanding of plant laundering practices relevant to a range of desirable plant taxa; the role of commercial nurseries in illicit horticultural supply chains; motivations for engaging in Venus flytrap collecting; and the persistent demand for illegally harvested plants when cultivated, legally obtainable plants are readily available. Our findings and methodology are relevant to a range of ornamental plants affected by illegal trade for which robust social data on illegal collecting drivers are lacking.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T10:42:43Z","timestamp":1725878563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Expert assessment of illegal collecting impacts on Venus flytraps and priorities for research on illegal trade"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2029-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared D.","family":"Margulies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and the Environment University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Trost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and the Environment University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Hamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4227-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie Z.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6332-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Botanical Garden University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Botanical Garden University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger D.","family":"Shew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Earth and Ocean Sciences and Environmental Sciences UNC Wilmington  Wilmington North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale M.","family":"Shew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Consultant  Wilmington North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Starke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Conservation Program North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services  Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Division of Natural Heritage Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7494-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale","family":"Suiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Chapter The Nature Conservancy  Wilmington North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"An industrial geography of cocaine","author":"Allen C. 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