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Although rat eradication has succeeded on many islands, tropical islands present unique management challenges. Strict regulations and financial constraints on some tropical islands further limit proven eradication methods, complicating rodent management. We applied a real\u2010time active adaptive management approach that provided a cautious, cost\u2010efficient, and scientifically grounded pathway to rat eradication, while adhering to strict environmental regulations, on Ilha do Meio, Brazil. The cost was US$3300 per hectare, and the management actions were grounded in close interdisciplinary collaboration. We applied rodenticide (brodifacoum), monitored the rat population, and made iterative management adjustments. The rat overpopulation was eradicated within 5 months, and population increases were observed early on in the threatened masked booby (\n                    <jats:italic>Sula dactylatra<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and the endemic Noronha elaenia (\n                    <jats:italic>Elaenia ridleyana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and Noronha skink (\n                    <jats:italic>Trachylepis atlantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Despite logistical constraints, our approach proved effective and cost\u2010efficient, marking its first application in a biological system. Our findings highlight the value of innovation, close interdisciplinary collaboration, and adaptive decision\u2010making when the application of best\u2010practice methods is constrained.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.70186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T07:00:36Z","timestamp":1764745236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lessons from an eradication under multiple constraints of an island rat population of record density"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4838-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiane","family":"Micheletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Institute of Forest Growth and Computer Sciences  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, Forest Resources Management The University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine \u2013 TRIADE  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9123-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thayn\u00e1 J.","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation ICMBio Alcatrazes  S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5686-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Verona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine \u2013 TRIADE  Recife Brazil"},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University (PUC)  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7847-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius P. 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