{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:53:28Z","timestamp":1791273208982,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine transportation are fundamental to modern human life, but vehicle collisions with wildlife inadvertently kill hundreds of millions of animals across 2000 vertebrate and invertebrate species annually; however, a comprehensive framework to assess and mitigate these mortalities is missing. We identified and compared the most up\u2010to\u2010date information regarding the impacts of transportation on wildlife mortality to determine cross\u2010cutting solutions to this challenging problem. For example, numerous strategies, such as under\u2010 or overpasses traversing roads and railways that increase wildlife\u2013habitat connectivity, policies that enforce reduced speed in areas with active wildlife, and passive sensors that detect wildlife to alert nearby ships and vehicles and enable mandatory speed reductions, can reduce wildlife\u2013vehicle collisions. We explored emerging technological advances that could help further reduce future wildlife\u2013vehicle conflicts and provide a path forward for transportation systems. Specifically, we described how the combination of citizen science, artificial intelligence, targeted studies on wildlife demographic impacts, and cost\u2010effective mitigation efforts will be powerful tools to inform needed future policies to decrease ship speed in areas with threatened whale species and reduce rates of wildlife mortality across ecosystems in a fast\u2010moving world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.70394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:28:05Z","timestamp":1791271685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global transportation impacts on wildlife mortality and emerging pathways for mitigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3331-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Luther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Farinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clearwater Aquarium  Clearwater Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Goosem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tremaine","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Wildlife Fund  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Souza De Menezes","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science and Policy Department George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wild Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Pirotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Transportation Research Council \/ Virginia Department of Transportation  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Budanitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Laurance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215152","article-title":"Pay or prevent? Human safety, costs to society and legal perspectives on animal\u2010vehicle collisions in S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Abra F. D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2021.103134","article-title":"Can autonomous vehicles enable sustainable mobility in future cities? Insights and policy challenges from user preferences over different urban transport options","volume":"112","author":"Acheampong R. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2014.05.019","article-title":"The development of ships\u2019 routeing measures in the Bering Strait: Lessons learned from the North Atlantic right whale to protect local whale populations","volume":"50","author":"Allen A. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Marine Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605324001431","article-title":"Wild vertebrate roadkill in northern Central America: A first assessment using citizen science data","volume":"59","author":"Ar\u00e9valo\u2010Ayala D. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-0430-z","article-title":"Cars as a tool for monitoring and protecting biodiversity","volume":"3","author":"Ascens\u00e3o F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2020.108902","article-title":"Preventing wildlife roadkill can offset mitigation investments in short\u2010medium term","volume":"253","author":"Ascens\u00e3o F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2015.04.021","article-title":"Effectiveness of an acoustic wildlife warning device using natural calls to reduce the risk of train collisions with animals","volume":"38","author":"Babi\u0144ska\u2010Werka J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.06.024","article-title":"Warning systems triggered by trains could reduce collisions with wildlife","volume":"106","author":"Backs J. A. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102502","article-title":"Warning systems triggered by trains increase flight\u2010initiation times of wildlife","volume":"87","author":"Backs J. A. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.3390\/su17104644","article-title":"A review of wildlife\u2013vehicle collisions: A multidisciplinary path to sustainable transportation and wildlife protection","volume":"17","author":"Bal\u010diauskas L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-018-1248-0","article-title":"Railway ecology vs. road ecology: Similarities and differences","volume":"65","author":"Barrientos R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Wildlife Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecon.2021.07.004","article-title":"The lost road: Do transportation networks imperil wildlife population persistence?","volume":"19","author":"Barrientos R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.04.014","article-title":"A review of searcher efficiency and carcass persistence in infrastructure\u2010driven mortality assessment studies","volume":"222","author":"Barrientos R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3354\/esr01075","article-title":"Quantifying sublethal Florida manatee watercraft interactions by examining scars on manatee carcasses","volume":"43","author":"Bassett B. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endangered Species Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12063"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Nature conservation 2: The role of corridors","author":"Bennett A. F.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40823\u2010017\u20100020\u20106"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014549","article-title":"Sounds scary? Lack of habituation following the presentation of novel sounds","volume":"6","author":"Biedenweg T. A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Assessment of costs associated with deer\u2013vehicle collisions: Human death and injury, vehicle damage, and deer loss","volume":"2","author":"Bissonette J. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human\u2010Wildlife Conflicts"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57496-7","volume-title":"Railway ecology","author":"Borda\u2010de\u2010\u00c1gua L.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2011.11407479"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","unstructured":"Cates K. Demaster D. P. Brownell R. L. Jr. Silber G. Gende S. Leaper R. Ritter F. &Panigada S.(2017).Strategic plan to mitigate the impacts of ship strikes on cetacean populations: 2017\u20132020.International Whaling Commission.https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Gregory\u2010Silber\u20102\/publication\/332539367_Strategic_Plan_to_Mitigate_the_Impacts_of_Ship_Strikes_on_Cetacean_Populations_2017\u20102020\/links\/5cbada314585156cd7a4844f\/Strategic\u2010Plan\u2010to\u2010Mitigate\u2010the\u2010Impacts\u2010of\u2010Ship\u2010Strikes\u2010on\u2010Cetacean\u2010Populations\u20102017\u20102020.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-020-01411-4","article-title":"Potential movement corridors and high road\u2010kill likelihood do not spatially coincide for felids in Brazil: Implications for road mitigation","volume":"67","author":"Cerqueira R. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00086","article-title":"Application of a new shore\u2010based vessel traffic monitoring system within San Francisco Bay","volume":"7","author":"Cope S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981211012416"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","unstructured":"Donaldson B. M. &Elliott K. E.(2020).Enhancing existing isolated underpasses with fencing to decrease wildlife crashes and increase habitat connectivity.Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC).https:\/\/rosap.ntl.bts.gov\/view\/dot\/55477"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198118823204"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch26","volume-title":"Handbook of road ecology","author":"Dorsey B.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3354\/esr00627","article-title":"Where the whales are: Using habitat modeling to support changes in shipping regulations within National Marine Sanctuaries in Central California","volume":"26","author":"Dransfield A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endangered Species Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","unstructured":"Dulac J.(2013).Global land transport infrastructure requirements: Estimating road and railway infrastructure and costs to 2050.International Energy Agency.https:\/\/data.nasa.gov\/dataset\/global\u2010roads\u2010open\u2010access\u2010data\u2010set\u2010version\u20101\u2010groadsv1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","unstructured":"Earth Science Data Systems. (2024).Global Roads Open Access Data Set Version 1 (gROADSv1)[Data set].NASA.https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/data\/catalog\/sedac\u2010ciesin\u2010sedac\u2010groads\u2010v1\u20101.00"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.592","article-title":"Road kill hotspots do not effectively indicate mitigation locations when past road kill has depressed populations","volume":"77","author":"Eberhardt E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/csp2.521"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10071112","article-title":"The Australian roadkill reporting project\u2014Applying integrated professional research and citizen science to monitor and mitigate roadkill in Australia","volume":"10","author":"Englefield B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00606","article-title":"The effects of ship noise on marine mammals\u2014A review","volume":"6","author":"Erbe C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","unstructured":"Ferres J. M. L. Chalmers C. Segundo B. D. Miao Z. Celis A. H. Torres F. A. Silva I. D. C. Roman A. C. Kim A. Machado M. Marotti L. Michaels A. Lopez D. R. Romero C. Dodhia R. Becker\u2010Reshef I. &Arbelaez P.(2026).Project SPARROW and the future of conservation technology arXiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2606.00108"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.828","article-title":"Road mitigation is a demographic filter for grizzly bears","volume":"41","author":"Ford A. T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wildlife Society Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.207","article-title":"Roads and their major ecological effects","volume":"29","author":"Forman R. T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10871209.2019.1551586"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605321000983","article-title":"Analysis of a long\u2010term dataset of Antillean manatee strandings in Belize: Implications for conservation","volume":"57","author":"Galves J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1467387","article-title":"The effects of vessel speed and size on the lethality of strikes of large whales in U.S. waters","volume":"11","author":"Garrison L. P.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00592","article-title":"Active whale avoidance by large ships: Components and constraints of a complementary approach to reducing ship strike risk","volume":"6","author":"Gende S. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12769","article-title":"Spatial and species\u2010level predictions of road mortality risk using trait data","volume":"27","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Su\u00e1rez M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/wr99093"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/0091\u20107648(2004)32%5B565:MRTADW%5D2.0.CO;2"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1163\/14219980-930306IN","article-title":"A new window into canopy bridges as a mitigation strategy for arboreal mammals","volume":"93","author":"Gregory T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Primatologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00109","article-title":"Using satellite AIS to analyze vessel speeds off the coast of Washington State, US, as a risk analysis for cetacean\u2010vessel collisions","volume":"7","author":"Greig N. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-04207-x","article-title":"Global Roadkill Data: A dataset on terrestrial vertebrate mortality caused by collision with vehicles","volume":"12","author":"Grilo C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific data"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12898-017-0134-z","article-title":"Amphibian and reptile road\u2010kills on tertiary roads in relation to landscape structure: Using a citizen science approach with open\u2010access land cover data","volume":"17","author":"Heigl F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/11\u20101841.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-03000-140215","article-title":"Cost\u2013benefit analyses of mitigation measures aimed at reducing collisions with large ungulates in the United States and Canada: A decision support tool","volume":"14","author":"Huijser M. P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecology and Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","unstructured":"Huijser M. P. Fairbank E. R. &Abra F. D.(2017).The reliability and effectiveness of a radar\u2010based animal detection system.Center for Environmentally Sustainable University of Alaska Fairbanks.https:\/\/rosap.ntl.bts.gov\/view\/dot\/34242"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","unstructured":"Huijser M. P. Fairbank E. R. &Paul K. S.(2022).Best practices manual to reduce animal\u2010vehicle collisions and provide habitat connectivity for wildlife.Nevada Department of Transportation.https:\/\/scholarworks.montana.edu\/items\/4218bbaf\u2010cd9a\u20104a92\u20109a72\u20101e5c1d29fb09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","unstructured":"Huijser M. P. McGowen P. T. &Camel W.(2006).Animal vehicle crash mitigation using advanced technology phase I: Review design and implementation(FHWA\u2010OR\u2010TPF\u201007\u201001).Western Transportation Institute.https:\/\/rosap.ntl.bts.gov\/view\/dot\/21863"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.13102","article-title":"Passive acoustic gliders are effective monitoring tools for dynamic management plans aimed at mitigating whale\u2010vessel strikes","volume":"18","author":"Indeck K. L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Conservation Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08920753.2015.1086947"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7217","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16450","article-title":"The impacts of linear infrastructure on terrestrial vertebrate populations: A trait\u2010based approach","volume":"28","author":"Jonge M. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13767","article-title":"The Movebank system for studying global animal movement and demography","volume":"13","author":"Kays R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2023.e02703","article-title":"Increasing mortality of European bison (Bison bonasus) on roads and railways","volume":"48","author":"Klich D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch33","volume-title":"Handbook of road ecology","author":"Kociolek A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20107692.2001.tb00980.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3354\/esr00586","article-title":"Effectiveness of mandatory vessel speed limits for protecting North Atlantic right whales","volume":"23","author":"Laist D. W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endangered Species Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2006.00027.x","article-title":"Preliminary evidence that boat speed restrictions reduce deaths of Florida manatees","volume":"22","author":"Laist D. W.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Marine Mammal Science"},{"issue":"7441","key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/495308a","article-title":"A global map for road building","volume":"495","author":"Laurance W. F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7517","key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13717","article-title":"A global strategy for road building","volume":"513","author":"Laurance W. F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00505","article-title":"The role of slower vessel speeds in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, underwater noise and collision risk to whales","volume":"6","author":"Leaper R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2022.126327","article-title":"Where to invest in road mitigation? A comparison of multiscale wildlife data to inform roadway prioritization","volume":"71","author":"Lee T. S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal for Nature Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12093"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1890\/150080","article-title":"Integrated adaptive design for wildlife movement under climate change","volume":"13","author":"Lister N. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2816","article-title":"Evaluating and elevating the role of wildlife road crossings in climate adaptation","volume":"23","author":"Littlefield C. E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1940082917709274"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1655\/04-79.1","article-title":"Behavior of amphibians on the road in response to car traffic","volume":"61","author":"Mazerolle M. J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5686"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.13557","article-title":"Roadkill patterns in Latin American birds and mammals","volume":"31","author":"Medrano\u2010Vizca\u00edno P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.9916","article-title":"First national assessment of wildlife mortality in Ecuador: An effort from citizens and academia to collect roadkill data at country scale","volume":"13","author":"Medrano\u2010Vizca\u00edno P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aabd42","article-title":"Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure","volume":"13","author":"Meijer J. R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.110295","article-title":"Wildlife rehabilitation records reveal impacts of anthropogenic activities on wildlife health","volume":"286","author":"Miller T. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_1","unstructured":"Mitchell J. C. Breisch A. R. &Buhlmann K. A.(2006).Habitat management guidelines for amphibians and reptiles of the Northeastern United States(Technical Publication HMG\u20103).PARC."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12942"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_1","unstructured":"Mortalidad de vertebrados en l\u00edneas de ferrocarril. Documentos T\u00e9cnicos de Conservacion SCV 1. (n.d.).Sociedad Conservaci\u00f3n Vertebrados.Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.833206","article-title":"Evaluating adherence with voluntary slow speed initiatives to protect endangered whales","volume":"9","author":"Morten J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_1","unstructured":"Mukherjee A. Sullivan A. Sinha A. Liu X. &Brake D.(2013).Roadway monitoring and driver warning systems for wildlife\u2010vehicle collision avoidance. AUG Signals LTd.1\u201319."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-014-0831-2","article-title":"Effects of roads on insects: A review","volume":"24","author":"Mu\u00f1oz P. T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biodiversity and Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2022.2031825"},{"issue":"7950","key":"e_1_2_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-00557-5","article-title":"Autonomous ships are on the horizon: Here's what we need to know","volume":"615","author":"Negenborn R. R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/106282"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2011.10.011","article-title":"Difference in spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife road\u2010crossings and wildlife\u2010vehicle collisions","volume":"145","author":"Neumann W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp1950"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2005.11.002","article-title":"Assessing the impacts of roads in peri\u2010urban reserves: Road\u2010based fatalities and road usage by wildlife in the Royal National Park, New South Wales, Australia","volume":"129","author":"Ramp D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_93_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Handbook of road ecology","author":"Ree R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch28","volume-title":"Handbook of road ecology","author":"Rytwinski T.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_5_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166941","article-title":"How effective is road mitigation at reducing road\u2010kill? A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"11","author":"Rytwinski T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0245-y","article-title":"Global forecasts of shipping traffic and biological invasions to 2050","volume":"2","author":"Sardain A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Sustainability"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00292","article-title":"A global review of vessel collisions with marine animals","volume":"7","author":"Schoeman R. P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4504-2_8","volume-title":"\u2018The ecology of transportation: Managing mobility for the environment\u2019","author":"Seiler A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2022.944318","article-title":"Citizen science and roadkill trends in the Korean herpetofauna: The importance of spatially biased and unstandardized data","volume":"10","author":"Shin Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_100_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Passive infrared (PIR) sensor based security control system using microcontroller using 89C51","volume":"2013","author":"Shwetha B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the CCSO"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_5_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-020-01047-z","article-title":"Ecological impact and cost\u2010effectiveness of wildlife crossings in a highly fragmented landscape: A multi\u2010method approach","volume":"35","author":"Sijtsma F. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Landscape Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_102_1","unstructured":"Silber G. K. &Bettridge S. O. M.(2012).An assessment of the final rule to implement vessel speed restrictions to reduce the threat of vessel collisions with North Atlantic right whales(NOAA technical memorandum NMFS\u2010OPR\u201048).U.S. Department of Commerce.https:\/\/repository.library.noaa.gov\/view\/noaa\/4207\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_103_1","volume-title":"Perimeter security sensor technologies handbook: Defense","author":"Smietan I.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00067","article-title":"Quantifying ship strike risk to breeding whales in a multiple\u2010use marine park: The Great Barrier Reef","volume":"7","author":"Smith J. N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102664.14582"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118568170.ch40","volume-title":"Handbook of road ecology","author":"Soanes K.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020868","article-title":"Social and demographic effects of anthropogenic mortality: A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in the red wolf","volume":"6","author":"Sparkman A. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tetreault B. J.(2005 September 17\u201323).Use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for maritime domain awareness (MDA)[Conference presentation]. Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS\/IEEE Washington DC USA.https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/1639983\/","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS.2005.1639983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7924","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL061786","article-title":"Anthropogenic pressure on the open ocean: The growth of ship traffic revealed by altimeter data analysis","volume":"41","author":"Tournadre J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.2004.011"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_5_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3390\/d14080665","article-title":"Do wildlife crossings mitigate the roadkill mortality of tropical mammals? A case study from Costa Rica","volume":"14","author":"Villalobos\u2010Hoffman R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq2109","article-title":"Hot spots of unseen fishing vessels","volume":"8","author":"Welch H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_113_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Marine sanctuaries and marine planning","volume":"70","author":"Wiley D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Coast Guard Proceedings of the Marine Safety and Security Council"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/27658511.2024.2424064","article-title":"Are vehicle strikes causing millions of bee deaths per day on western United States roads? Preliminary data suggests the number is high","volume":"10","author":"Wilson J. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainable Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2117440119"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-02729-9","article-title":"Four steps to curb \u2018ocean roadkill","volume":"621","author":"Womersley F. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172776","article-title":"Identifying priority sites for whale shark ship collision management globally","volume":"934","author":"Womersley F. C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_5_118_1","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Comparing survival and movements of non\u2010urban and urban translocated mule deer","volume":"84","author":"Wright C. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(80)90006-3","article-title":"The impact of roads on the densities of four bird species in an open field habitat\u2014Evidence of a long\u2010distance effect","volume":"18","author":"Zande A. N.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"}],"container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cobi.70394","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cobi.70394","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cobi.70394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:28:21Z","timestamp":1791271701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cobi.70394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cobi.70394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cobi.70394","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0888-8892","1523-1739"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0888-8892","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-1739","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70394"}}