{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:33:09Z","timestamp":1791405189736,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> Nickel is widely used in coins; nickel may cause contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in those who handle them.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold> To investigate alloy use, coin composition and nickel and cobalt release for a worldwide selection of currently circulating coins.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods.<\/jats:bold> Eight hundred and fifty coins of 361 different denominations or issues from 52 countries were collected and analysed with X\u2010ray fluorescence spectrometry and nickel and cobalt spot tests.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Copper\u2013nickel was the most frequently identified coin alloy, being observed in 100 denominations (28%), followed by aluminium\u2013bronze (62, 17%). In total, 239 denominations released nickel (28%). Coins from Bolivia, Brazil and Costa Rica did not release nickel. Fewer than one\u2010third of the denominations or issues from China, India, the euro area and Indonesia released nickel. In the United States, the Russian Federation, Japan, and Mexico, one\u2010third or more of the denominations released nickel.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> This worldwide selection of circulating coins covered countries with 75% of the world population, and shows that the majority of the world population lives in countries where coins release nickel. Pertinently, \u223c 40% of circulating coin denominations do not release nickel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T12:30:24Z","timestamp":1355229024000},"page":"15-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The cost of nickel allergy: a global investigation of coin composition and nickel and cobalt release"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Carsten R.","family":"Hamann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dathan","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob P.","family":"Thyssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Lid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01749.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.World population prospects: the 2010 revision CD\u2010ROM edition 2011. Available at:Http:\/\/Esa.Un.Org\/unpd\/wpp\/excel\u2010data\/population.Htm(last accessed 14 July 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","unstructured":"Numista.Visit Numista your coin collection online 2007.Available at:http:\/\/en.numista.com\/(last accessed 14 July 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","volume-title":"In: Collecting Worlds Coins. Circulating Issues, 1901\u2013Present","author":"Michael T","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.044003160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05861.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01812.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01988.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e318250c354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Nickel release from euro and Polish coins: a health risk?","volume":"19","author":"Smolik S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","unstructured":"European Committee for Standardisation (CEN).EN 1811:2011.Reference Test Method for Release of Nickel from all Post Assemblies which are Inserted into Pierced Parts of the Human Body and Articles Intended to Come into Direct and Prolonged Contact with the Skin.CEN 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.09006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","unstructured":"Sveriges Riksbank.Formats materials and colours Report from the banknote and coin project. Ref 2008\u2010286\u2010ADM 2011. Available at:http:\/\/www.Riksbank.Se\/(last accessed 14 July 2012)."}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcod.12008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.12008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T19:16:25Z","timestamp":1697656585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.12008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.12008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]}}}