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This review is an overview of studies regarding PPD penetration through skin (analogues) and studies on the amino acids that are targeted by PPD. To complete this review, the auto\u2010oxidation and<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylation steps involved in PPD metabolism are described. In summary, under normal hair dyeing exposure conditions, &lt;1% of the applied PPD dose penetrates the skin. The majority (&gt;80%) of PPD that penetrates will be converted into the detoxification products monoacetyl\u2010PPD and diacetyl\u2010PPD by the<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyltransferase enzymes. The small amount of PPD that does not become<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylated is susceptible to auto\u2010oxidation reactions, yielding protein\u2010reactive PPD derivatives. These derivatives may bind to specific amino acids, and some of the formed adducts might be the complexes responsible for sensitization. However, true<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>evidence is lacking, and further research to unravel the definite mechanism of sensitization is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T05:44:23Z","timestamp":1363758263000},"page":"193-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Penetration and haptenation of<i>p<\/i>\u2010phenylenediamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Pot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone M.","family":"Scheitza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter\u2010Jan","family":"Coenraads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunhilde","family":"Bl\u00f6meke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Council Directive of 27 July on the approximation of the laws of Member States relating to cosmetic products (76\/768\/EEC).","volume":"262","year":"1976","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","unstructured":"U. 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