{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T12:07:11Z","timestamp":1780142831236,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]],"date-time":"2013-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tixocortol\u201021\u2010pivalate (tixocortol pivalate) is used as a surrogate marker for contact allergy to hydrocortisone and other corticosteroids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the results of repeated open application testing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROAT<\/jats:styled-content>) and patch testing with hydrocortisone creams and ointments in tixocortol pivalate patch test\u2010positive patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROAT<\/jats:styled-content> was performed when the history of hydrocortisone contact dermatitis was negative or equivocal. Hydrocortisone cream and\/or ointment patch tests were performed in patients with and without histories of hydrocortisone contact dermatitis. Results were excluded in patients allergic to vehicle ingredients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROAT<\/jats:styled-content> was positive in 15 of 20 patients (75%) with hydrocortisone cream versus 6 of 16 (38%) with hydrocortisone ointment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Patch testing was positive with hydrocortisone cream in 23 of 27 patients (85%) versus 1 of 14 (7%) with hydrocortisone ointment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Only 1 of 26 tixocortol pivalate patch test\u2010negative patients had a positive patch test with hydrocortisone cream caused by a vehicle ingredient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical relevance was shown in most patients with positive tixocortol pivalate patch tests. Hydrocortisone creams gave positive patch tests and positive repeated open application tests much more often than hydrocortisone ointments. There were also significant differences in patch test reactivity among different hydrocortisone creams. We hypothesize that these differences may be explained by differences in hydrocortisone transepidermal penetration in different vehicles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]],"date-time":"2013-05-22T11:05:46Z","timestamp":1369220746000},"page":"369-375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical relevance of tixocortol pivalate\u2010positive patch tests and questionable bioequivalence of different hydrocortisone preparations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology University of California  San Diego CA 92122\u20101010 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California  San Francisco CA 94143\u20100989 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Reactions to corticosteroids: some new aspects regarding cross\u2010 sensitivity","volume":"65","author":"Goossens A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.043001001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2009.08097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1990.tb03240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91373-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"2309","article-title":"Performance of topical hydrocortisone products marketed in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Kikwai L","year":"2008","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1972.01620150011002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1992.tb04009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660010067020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2005.05719.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Penetration of hydrocortisone into excised human skin under the influence of cyclodextrins","volume":"50","author":"Preiss A","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Bioavailability of hydrocortisone from seven topical formulations using the in\u2009vitro finite dose method","volume":"12","author":"Agrawal N","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1967.29"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcod.12066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.12066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T08:45:16Z","timestamp":1700729116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.12066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.12066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12066","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]]}}}