{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:30:54Z","timestamp":1773804654472,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous contact allergies to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>range 1, 4\u2010nitroaniline and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010aminodiphenylamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PADPA<\/jats:styled-content>), as well as to other disperse azo dyes and to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>), have been reported. Cross\u2010reactivity is one of the possible explanations for simultaneous reactions between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> and disperse azo dyes. Some metabolites from the azo reduction of these disperse azo dyes could be sensitizers, as human skin bacteria produce azo reductases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the sensitizing capacity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>range 1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PADPA<\/jats:styled-content> and 4\u2010nitroaniline, and the cross\u2010reactivity between these substances and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>ellow 3, its potential metabolites from azo reduction (4\u2010aminoacetanilide and 2\u2010amino\u2010<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010cresol), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The guinea\u2010pig maximization test was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was found that both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>range 1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PADPA<\/jats:styled-content> are strong sensitizers and cross\u2010react with each other. We were unable to sensitize guinea\u2010pigs with 4\u2010nitroaniline tested in equimolar concentrations to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>range 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that patients sensitized primarily to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>range 1 will also react to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PADPA<\/jats:styled-content>, which can be found mainly in hair dyes. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>, 4\u2010nitroaniline, 4\u2010aminoacetanilide, 2\u2010amino\u2010<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010cresol and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>ellow 3 did not show any cross\u2010reactivity with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isperse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>range 1 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PADPA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T07:18:28Z","timestamp":1371626308000},"page":"40-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sensitizing capacity of <scp>D<\/scp>isperse <scp>O<\/scp>range 1 and its potential metabolites from azo reduction and their cross\u2010reactivity pattern"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Malinauskiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius Clinical Hospital Antakalnio Affiliation, Allergy Centre  Vilnius LT\u201010200 Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 SE\u201020502 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Zimerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 SE\u201020502 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Bruze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 SE\u201020502 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Ryberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 SE\u201020502 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Uddevalla Hospital  Uddevalla SE\u201045180 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Isaksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 SE\u201020502 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.00049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.012617-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1993.1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contact sensitizers in resins based on phenol and formaldehyde","volume":"119","author":"Bruze M","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Guinea Pig. 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