{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T21:09:25Z","timestamp":1778015365495,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,28]],"date-time":"2013-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to assess the cleaning efficacy of occupational skin cleansers, standardized test dirts mimicking the spectrum of skin soiling at dirty workplaces are necessary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To validate newly developed standardized test dirts (compliant with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> Cosmetics Directive) for their occupational relevance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this single\u2010blinded, monocentric questionnaire\u2010based clinical trial, 87 apprentices of three trades (household management; house painting and varnishing; and metal processing) evaluated the cleanability of six standardized test dirts in relation to their workplace dirts. In addition, they judged the similarity of the test dirts to actual dirts encountered in their working environments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the household management participants assessed the hydrophilic model dirt (\u2018mascara\u2019), the lipophilic model dirt (\u2018W\/O cream\u2019) and a film\u2010forming model dirt (\u2018disperse paint\u2019) as best resembling the dirts found at their workplaces. Most of the painters and varnishers judged the filmogenic model dirts (\u2018disperse paint\u2019 and \u2018acrylic paint\u2019) as best resembling the dirts found at their workplaces. For the metal workers, the lipophilic and paste\u2010like model dirts were most similar to their workplace dirts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spectrum of standardized test dirts developed represents well the dirts encountered at various workplaces. The test dirts may be useful in the development and <jats:italic>in\u2009vivo<\/jats:italic> efficacy testing of occupational skin cleansers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,28]],"date-time":"2013-06-28T04:53:10Z","timestamp":1372395190000},"page":"245-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Standardized dirts for testing the efficacy of workplace cleaning products: validation of their workplace relevance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Elsner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Jena, Erfurter Strasse 35  D\u201007743 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Seyfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Jena, Erfurter Strasse 35  D\u201007743 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Sonsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine University of Osnabrueck  D\u201049069 Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Strunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine University of Osnabrueck  D\u201049069 Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swen\u2010Malte","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine University of Osnabrueck  D\u201049069 Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Diepgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology University of Heidelberg  D\u201069115 Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Schliemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Jena, Erfurter Strasse 35  D\u201007743 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"BIBB\/BAuA.BIBB\/BAuA\u2010Erwerbst\u00e4tigenbefragung 2005\/2006. 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