{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T03:38:16Z","timestamp":1773891496901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,19]],"date-time":"2013-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background \/objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Environmental exposure and personal susceptibility both contribute to the development of hand eczema. Here, we report an investigation on wet work exposure and its influence on the risk of developing hand eczema in apprentice nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort study was performed among 721 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>utch apprentice nurses. Participants recorded wet work exposure and symptoms of hand eczema using specially designed diary cards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For 533 apprentice nurses, a follow\u2010up time of 1\u20133\u2009years was completed. Diary cards were supplied by 383 students. The 1\u2010year period prevalence of hand eczema was 23% in the first year, 25% in the second year and 31% in the third year of follow\u2010up. Eighty\u2010one new cases of hand eczema developed, most of which occurred during the first year of follow\u2010up. In approximately one\u2010third of the participants, wet work exposure exceeded the national guidelines. Frequent hand washing during traineeships [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.5; 90% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.0\u20132.3], frequent hand washing at home (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.3; 90% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.5\u20133.7) and having a side job involving wet work (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.6; 90% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.0\u20132.4) were independent risk factors for hand eczema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a considerable number of apprentice nurses had already developed hand eczema during traineeships, more attention should be paid to skin protection in vocational education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T13:30:54Z","timestamp":1381239054000},"page":"44-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Wet work and hand eczema in apprentice nurses; part <scp>I<\/scp> of a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Maaike J.","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1105 AZ The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten M.","family":"Verberk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1105 AZ The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank J. 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