{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:16:32Z","timestamp":1792088192266,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of cosmetics exposes consumers to mixtures of ingredients, many of which are potential allergens. Many cosmetics contain one or several preservatives, some being important contact allergens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the pattern of co\u2010exposure to preservatives in different categories of cosmetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey of products marketed in Germany, conducted in 2006\u20132009 by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hemical and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>eterinary Investigation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>ffice in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>arlsruhe, identified 4680 products categorizable according to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>nnex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content> to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>osmetics <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>irective with information on the presence of preservatives. The occurrence and co\u2010occurrence of preservatives were analysed and presented in tabular and graphical format.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty per\u2009cent of all products were not declared to contain any preservatives; for 8%, no <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INCI<\/jats:styled-content> labelling was present. For the remainder, the number of preservatives used tended to be higher in leave\u2010on than in rinse\u2010off products. Most often, combinations of (up to all five) parabens were used (39% of all products). Combinations with phenoxyethanol were also frequent. Formaldehyde releasers were found in 8% of products overall.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pattern of co\u2010exposure to preservatives in important categories of cosmetic products illustrates the \u2018cocktail\u2019 of allergens that may facilitate sensitization, although, conversely, the combination of preservatives allows individual use levels to be kept lower, thereby possibly reducing sensitization risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]],"date-time":"2013-12-18T04:16:48Z","timestamp":1387340208000},"page":"219-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Coupled exposure to ingredients of cosmetic products: <scp>II<\/scp>. Preservatives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Uter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\/N\u00fcrnberg  D\u201091054 Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerem","family":"Yazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva\u2010Maria","family":"Kratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office (CVUA Karlsruhe) D\u201076187 Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Mildau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office (CVUA Karlsruhe) D\u201076187 Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Lid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01945.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12125"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Team","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/ALP25194"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000063356"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01615.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.043006339.x"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcod.12165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.12165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T19:01:24Z","timestamp":1696618884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.12165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.12165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12165","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]}}}