{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:27:06Z","timestamp":1789878426914,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tea tree oil is used as a natural remedy, but is also a popular ingredient in household and cosmetic products. Oxidation of tea tree oil results in degradation products, such as ascaridole, which may cause allergic contact dermatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the optimal patch test concentration for ascaridole, and to investigate the relationship between a positive reaction to ascaridole and a positive reaction to oxidized tea tree oil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/materials\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three hundred and nineteen patients with eczema were patch tested with ascaridole 1%, 2%, and 5%, and 250 patients were patch tested with oxidized tea tree oil 5%. Readings were performed on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D3<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D7<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      according to a patch test calibration protocol.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With an increasing ascaridole test concentration, the frequency of positive reactions increased: ascaridole 1%, 1.4%; ascaridole 2%, 5.5%; and ascaridole 5%, 7.2%. However, the frequencies of irritant and doubtful reactions also increased, especially for ascaridole 5%. A positive reaction to ascaridole was related to a positive reaction to tea tree oil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is in support of ascaridole being a sensitizer. We recommend patch testing with ascaridole at 2%. The finding that every positive reaction to oxidized tea tree oil is accompanied by a positive reaction to ascaridole suggests that ascaridole might be a contact allergen in oxidized tea tree oil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T03:30:56Z","timestamp":1395286256000},"page":"129-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The optimal patch test concentration for ascaridole as a sensitizing component of tea tree oil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Wietske Andrea","family":"Christoffers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen 9700RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunhilde","family":"Bl\u00f6meke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Toxicology University of Trier 54286 Trier Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter\u2010Jan","family":"Coenraads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen 9700RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Louise Anna","family":"Schuttelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen 9700RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1991.tb01788.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis associated with the use of tea\u2010tree oil","volume":"32","author":"Apted J H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb03279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"823","article-title":"Allergic contact eczema due to \u2018tea tree\u2019 oil","volume":"138","author":"Valk P G","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70050-8"},{"issue":"62","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Patch testing with pure tea tree oil \u2013 12 months experience","volume":"147","author":"Coutts I","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2009.08097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e3182819c51"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1610-0387.2003.03727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.0350f.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2007.00341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(99)90002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1998.tb01482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2004.04034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12086"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx200486f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390801989168"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Kontaktallergie auf Teebaum\u00f6l und Ascaridol","volume":"24","author":"Hausen B M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Akt Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2008.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","unstructured":"International Fragrance Association.IRFA Standard Chenopodium Oil 2009. 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