{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:15:40Z","timestamp":1790788540727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tattoo reactions, especially in red tattoos, are often suggested as allergic in nature, however, systematic evaluation by patch testing has not performed in the past.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the results of patch testing in 90 patients with non\u2010infectious chronic tattoo reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials\/methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2009 to 2013 at the \u2018Tattoo Clinic\u2019, Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, 90 patients were patch tested with batteries of baseline allergens, disperse dyes\/textile allergens, and a selection of tattoo ink stock products, which, according to case observations, were problematic, supplemented with individual culprit inks when accessible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with reactions to the tattoo colour red, the most predominant colour associated with skin reactions, showed negative patch test results with common allergens. Outcomes were also negative in patients who had experienced concomitant reactions in another hitherto tolerated tattoo of the same colour as the problematic tattoo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion\/conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The allergen or allergens responsible for tattoo reactions are not present directly in tattoo ink stock products. This is despite the fact that clinical histories suggest that the vast majority of clinical reactions, especially reactions to red and red nuances, are likely to be allergic events caused by the injected inks. We suggest that the responsible allergen results from a complicated and slow process of haptenization, which may even include photochemical cleavage of red azo pigment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T05:36:57Z","timestamp":1405661817000},"page":"255-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Patch test study of 90 patients with tattoo reactions: Negative outcome of allergy patch test to baseline batteries and culprit inks suggests allergen(s) are generated in the skin through haptenization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Serup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The \u2018Tattoo Clinic\u2019, Bispebjerg University Hospital  DK\u20102400 Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Hutton Carlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The \u2018Tattoo Clinic\u2019, Bispebjerg University Hospital  DK\u20102400 Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03292-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Itch Severity Score (ISS) Measurements","author":"Hutton Carlsen K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70340-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"SerupJ.Allergies and tattooing.International Conference on Tattoo Safety Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung Berlin 6\u20137 June 2013 2013(abstract)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03292-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000252479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb04954.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"RybergK.Contact allergy to textile dyes clinical and chemical studies on disperse dyes. Dissertation Malm\u00f6 Department of Dermatology Malm\u00f6 University Hospital Lund University 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"MalinauskieneL.Contact allergy to textile dyes clinical and experimental studies on disperse azo dyes. Dissertation Malm\u00f6 Department of Dermatology Malm\u00f6 University Hospital Lund University 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Milj\u00f8styrelsen.Chemical Substances in Tattoo Ink Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Product. Report No. 116 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.mst.dk\/Publikationer\/Publications\/2012\/June\/(last accessed 21 November 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Milj\u00f8styrelsen.Skema over tatoveringsfarver der er omfattet af konstitutivt forbud p\u00e5 grund af uacceptabel for\u00f8get risiko for kr\u00e6ft. Report No. MST\u2010656\u20100004 of 12.21.11 2011. Available at:http:\/\/www.mst.dk\/NR\/rdonlyres\/3CE4FEC2\u20105205\u20104AC5\u2010BA86\u20101DD2E45F6FA5\/0\/skemaoverforbudteprodukter.pdf(last accessed 21 November 2013)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Resolution ResAP(2008)1 on Requirements & Criteria for Safety of Tattoos & Permanent Make Up.Council of Europe (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 20 February 2008 at the 1018th Meeting) 2008. Available at:http:\/\/www.coe.int\/t\/e\/social_cohesion\/soc\u2010sp\/resap_2008_1%20e.pdf(last accessed 21 November 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-191-42881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"K\u00f8cksM SerupJ. Application of Raman spectroscopy as a potential fast screening technique of tattoo inks and reactions in skin biopsies. 1.European Congress on Tattoo and Pigment Research Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen 13\u201314 November2013(Abstract). Available at:www.ECTP2013.org(last accessed 14 November 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(2000)26:1<13::AID-LSM4>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06333.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","article-title":"Photosensitivity and photodynamic events in black, red and blue tattoos are common: a \u2018Beach study\u2019","author":"Hutton Carlsen K","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0607461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Early immune events in the induction of allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan D H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.00944.x"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcod.12271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.12271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T03:13:16Z","timestamp":1696389196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.12271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.12271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12271","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]}}}