{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:30:30Z","timestamp":1791959430056,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Sigvard and Marianne Bernadotte Research Foundation for Childrens Eye Care"},{"name":"The Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation"},{"name":"the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ingredient labels on products used by consumers and workers every day, such as food, cosmetics, and detergents, can be difficult to read and understand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether typographical design and ordering of ingredients can improve the readability of product ingredient labels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study subjects (n\u2009=\u200916) had to search for two target ingredients in 30 cosmetic product labels and three alternative formats of each. Outcome measures were completion time (reading speed), recognition rate, eye movements, task load and subjective rating when the reading of ingredient labels was assessed by video recording, an eye tracking device, and questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The completion time was significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) when subjects were reading all alternative formats than when they were reading the original. The recognition rate was generally high, and improved slightly with the alternative formats. The eye movement measures confirmed that the alternative formats were easier to read than the original product labels. Mental and physical demand and effort were significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.036) and experience rating was higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.042) for the alternative formats. There were also differences between the alternative formats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simple adjustments in the design of product ingredient labels would significantly improve their readability, benefiting the many allergic individuals and others in their daily struggle to avoid harmful or unwanted exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T05:37:16Z","timestamp":1405661836000},"page":"233-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Readability of product ingredient labels can be improved by simple means: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Kerem","family":"Yazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustaf \u00d6.","family":"Seimyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"St. Erik Eye Hospital  112 82 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri A.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, Crafts and Arts University College of Arts, Crafts and Design  SE\u2010126 27 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cutaneous Allergy St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital  London SE1 7EH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Lid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00442.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Council of the European Union.Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to cosmetic products (76\/768\/EEC). Available at:http:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1976L0768:20090507:EN:PDF(last accessed 10 June 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Regulation (EC) No. 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products. Available at:http:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:02009R1223-20140401&from=EN(last accessed 10 June 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Regulation (EU) No. 1169\/2011 of the European Parliament and if the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers amending Regulation (EC) No. 1924\/2006 and (EC) No. 1925\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Directive 87\/250\/EEC Council Directive 90\/496\/EEC Commission Directive 1999\/10\/EC Directive 2000\/13\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Commission Directives 2002\/67\/EC and 2008\/5\/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 608\/2004. Available at:http:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1402415318268&uri=CELEX:02011R1169\u201020140219(last accessed 10 June 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"The Psychology of Reading: An Interdisciplinary Approach","author":"Robeck M C","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/45075.46162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.123305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joss.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2012.759187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007258513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration.21 C.F. R. \u00a7 701.3."}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcod.12274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.12274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:31:49Z","timestamp":1696293109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.12274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.12274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12274","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]}}}