{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1780677941496,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Recently, sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) was found to be a more sensitive palladium patch test allergen than palladium dichloride (PdCl2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To determine the optimal test concentration of Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, to evaluate the prevalence of palladium sensitization with Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and PdCl2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, and to compare the results with nickel sensitization in a E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean multicentre study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>In addition to the E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean or national baseline series including NiSO4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u00b76H2<\/jats:sub>0 5% pet., consecutive patients were tested with PdCl2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> 2%, 3% and 4% pet. in eight E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean dermatology clinics. The age and sex distributions were also evaluated in patients sensitized to nickel and palladium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In total, 1651 patients were tested. Relative to 3% Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, 4% Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> did not add any information. Two per cent Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> resulted in more doubtful reactions and showed suboptimal reactivity. The prevalence of palladium sensitization doubled with Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and was similar to that of nickel. Interestingly, in contrast to nickel sensitization, palladium sensitization was not related to female sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Three per cent Na2<\/jats:sub>PdCl4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> pet. is the most suitable patch test concentration. Sensitization to palladium is almost as prevalent as sensitization to nickel. The sex distribution is different between nickel\u2010sensitized and palladium\u2010sensitized patients, suggesting different sources of exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T10:10:56Z","timestamp":1414491056000},"page":"11-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Sensitization to palladium in E<\/scp>urope"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Joris","family":"Muris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials Science Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Contact Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology K. U. 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