{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1791424907129,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Chlorhexidine may cause type I<\/jats:styled-content> and type IV<\/jats:styled-content> allergy. Some chlorhexidine\u2010allergic individuals have been exposed in the healthcare setting as patients or healthcare workers, but for others the source of sensitization is unknown. Chlorhexidine may be used as a preservative or an antimicrobial agent in cosmetic products at a concentration up to 0.3%, as set by the E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean C<\/jats:styled-content>osmetics D<\/jats:styled-content>irective (now Regulations).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To identify cosmetic product types containing chlorhexidine, and to measure the concentration of chlorhexidine in selected products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Between F<\/jats:styled-content>ebruary 2013 and A<\/jats:styled-content>pril 2013, we checked for chlorhexidine in cosmetic products in 14 supermarkets, one hairdressing salon and one beauty and retail store in C<\/jats:styled-content>openhagen, D<\/jats:styled-content>enmark by reading the ingredient labels. The chlorhexidine concentration was measured in 10 selected products by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC<\/jats:styled-content>) with an ultraviolet (UV<\/jats:styled-content>) detector.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Chlorhexidine was found in 80 of 2251 checked products (3.6%) in the following categories: hair products (57\/760), creams (9\/324), face washes (4\/24), wet wipes (4\/63), skin tonics (3\/22), make\u2010up removers (2\/25), and mouth washes (1\/17). Chlorhexidine concentrations were 0.01\u20130.15%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We found chlorhexidine in various cosmetic product types, predominantly aimed at females, and in hair products. The measured chlorhexidine concentrations were all within the permitted limit. The relevance for allergic sensitization should be further explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T11:53:34Z","timestamp":1410436414000},"page":"55-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Chlorhexidine in cosmetic products\u2009\u2013\u2009a market survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Morten S.","family":"Opstrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Ledreborg All\u00e9 40, 1 DK\u20102820 Gentofte Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology, Allergy Clinic Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Niels Andersens Vej 65 DK\u20102900 Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne D.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Ledreborg All\u00e9 40, 1 DK\u20102820 Gentofte Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Bossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399 DK\u20104000 Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lundov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Ledreborg All\u00e9 40, 1 DK\u20102820 Gentofte Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene H.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology, Allergy Clinic Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Niels Andersens Vej 65 DK\u20102900 Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0803600404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e3182905561"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524736"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqt035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","unstructured":"European Commision CosIng [EC regulation v.2]. 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