{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T20:20:13Z","timestamp":1772223613139,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Local Research and Development Board for Gothenburg and S\u00c3\u00b6dra Bohusl\u00c3\u00a4n"},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital Research Foundation"},{"name":"the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to chloroprene rubber has resulted in numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis, attributed to organic thiourea compounds used as vulcanization accelerators. However, thiourea compounds are not considered to be strong haptens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse common commercial chloroprene materials for their contents of diethylthiourea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DETU<\/jats:styled-content>), dibutylthiourea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBTU<\/jats:styled-content>), diphenylthiourea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPTU<\/jats:styled-content>), and their degradation products, isothiocyanates; and to investigate the sensitization potencies of possible degradation products of the mentioned thiourea compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>) was used for quantification of organic thiourea compounds in chloroprene products, such as medical, sports and diving gear; isothiocyanates were measured by solid\u2010phase microextraction\/gas chromatography\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>. Sensitization potencies were determined with the murine local lymph node assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLNA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DETU<\/jats:styled-content> was identified at concentrations of 2.7\u20139.4\u2009\u00b5g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in all samples, whereas neither <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBTU<\/jats:styled-content> nor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPTU<\/jats:styled-content> was detected. At 37\u00b0C, degradation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DETU<\/jats:styled-content> in the materials to ethyl isothiocyanate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EITC<\/jats:styled-content>) was detected. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EITC<\/jats:styled-content> and ethyl isocyanate showed extreme and strong sensitization potencies, respectively, in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLNA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DETU<\/jats:styled-content> can act as a prehapten, being degraded to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EITC<\/jats:styled-content> when subjected to body temperature upon skin contact. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EITC<\/jats:styled-content> could thus be the culprit behind allergic contact dermatitis caused by chloroprene rubber.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T07:27:36Z","timestamp":1419319656000},"page":"139-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Investigation of diethylthiourea and ethyl isothiocyanate as potent skin allergens in chloroprene rubber"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ahmad G.","family":"Ramzy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry Stockholm University  Svante Arrhenius v\u00e4g 16 SE\u2010106 91 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Hagvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gr\u00f6na Str\u00e5ket 16 SE\u2010405 30 Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansoureh N.","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gr\u00f6na Str\u00e5ket 16 SE\u2010405 30 Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Samuelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy University of Gothenburg  Kemig\u00e5rden 4 SE\u2010412 96 Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry Stockholm University  Svante Arrhenius v\u00e4g 16 SE\u2010106 91 Stockholm 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