{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:35:39Z","timestamp":1788392139713,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of palladium and nickel sensitization in oral disease and dermatitis is not fully understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether sensitization to these metals was associated with exposure to dental alloys and oral and skin complaints\/symptoms in a European multicentre study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In six dermatology clinics, patch tests with palladium (3% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>PdCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Pd<\/jats:styled-content> = 102.0 \u00b5mol\/g) and nickel (5% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NiSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">6H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<\/jats:styled-content>; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Ni<\/jats:styled-content> = 190.2 \u00b5mol\/g) were performed in consecutive patients, and patients' characteristics were collected with a questionnaire and a clinical investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 906 patients were included, of whom 24.3% reacted to palladium and 25.2% to nickel. The rate of monosensitization was 6\u20137% for both metals. Palladium sensitization (as opposed to no sensitization to both metals) was associated with exposure to dental crowns [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 2.0], skin reactivity to metals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.8), oral lichenoid lesions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.7), xerostomia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 7.3), and metal taste (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 20.7), but not with eczema, stomatitis, or oral burning sensation. Additionally, xerostomia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 8.7) and metal taste (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.6) were associated with sensitization to both metals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinically, it is important for palladium\u2010sensitized patients to undergo an oral examination, with particular attention to the presence of\/exposure to dental crowns. In the case of metal contact allergy, exposure to dental crowns could play a role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T10:23:51Z","timestamp":1421058231000},"page":"286-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Sensitization to palladium and nickel in Europe and the relationship with oral disease and dental alloys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Joris","family":"Muris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials Science Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam  Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Contact Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology K.U. Leuven University Hospital  Kapucijnenvoer 33 3000 Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Gon\u00e7alo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Coimbra  Praceta Mota Pinto 3000\u2010075 Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Bircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel  Spitalstrasse 26 4031 Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gim\u00e9nez\u2010Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital del Mar. Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Passeig Maritim 25\u201029 08003 Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari  Policlinico di Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11 70124 Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rustemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology VU University Medical Centre  De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Feilzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials Science Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam  Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis J.","family":"Kleverlaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials Science Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam  Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004 1081 LA Amsterdam The 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