{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:00:44Z","timestamp":1776405644254,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]],"date-time":"2015-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The population-based data collection was supported by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials and in part by L\u00e2\u20ac\u2122Oreal Research and Innovation, The Procter & Gamble Company, Henkel AG & Co KGaA, Kao Corporation, Hoyu Co Ltd, and Unilever NV. There was no external funding for the retrieval\/compa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>) sensitization is 4% in the patch tested population and varies between zero and 1.5% in the general population. Hair dye is a recognised sensitization source.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define the prevalence rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> sensitization in the general and patch tested populations of The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>etherlands, and to gain insights into relationships between patch test strength and exposure sources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patch test database cases were matched with population\u2010based controls. Analyses were performed based on demographic details, patch test reactions, and potential <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> sensitization occurred in 3.3% of the patch tested population and in 1.3% of the general population. Hairdressers had a 4.4\u2010fold increased chance of being sensitized to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041), and black henna tattoos showed a tendency for a 2.3\u2010fold increased chance of sensitization (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.081). Weak elicitation reactions were present in hairdressers and consumers. However, cases who had had black henna tattoos showed significantly more (extremely) strong patch test reactions upon elicitation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence rates in the patch tested and general population of The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>etherlands are comparable with the prevalence rates of other mid\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean centres. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> sensitization is often attributed to hair dye. However, this study shows that subjects sensitized by black henna tattoos present with very severe elicitation reactions, emphasizing the need for more strict policing the prohibition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]],"date-time":"2015-03-30T09:11:59Z","timestamp":1427706719000},"page":"355-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["<i>p<\/i>\u2010Phenylenediamine exposure in real life\u2009\u2013\u2009a case\u2013control study on sensitization rate, mode and elicitation reactions in the northern <scp>N<\/scp>etherlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Groningen  9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter\u2010Jan","family":"Coenraads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Groningen  9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Bijkersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Groningen  9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin M.","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University Medical Center Groningen  9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Louise A.","family":"Schuttelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Groningen  9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the EDEN Fragrance Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2009.08089","article-title":"Consumer allergy to oxidative hair coloring products: epidemiologic data in the literature","volume":"20","author":"Krasteva M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12074"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2011.07882_suppl.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319757"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.00779.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555572456460","article-title":"Allergic contact sensitization in an unselected Danish population. 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