{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:48:47Z","timestamp":1776682127667,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth)acrylates is well known, both in occupational and in non\u2010occupational settings. Contact hypersensitivity to electrocardiogram (ECG<\/jats:styled-content>) electrodes containing (meth)acrylates is rarely reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To report the first case of contact dermatitis caused by acrylic acid impurity in ECG<\/jats:styled-content> electrodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>Patch tests were performed with separate components of electrodes and some (meth)acrylates. This was followed by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography of electrode hydrogel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The patient was contact\u2010allergic to electrode hydrogel but not to its separate constituents. Positive reactions were observed to 2\u2010hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2\u2010HEMA<\/jats:styled-content>), 2\u2010hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2\u2010HPMA<\/jats:styled-content>) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA<\/jats:styled-content>). Subsequent analysis showed that the electrode hydrogel contained acrylic acid as an impurity. The latter was subsequently patch tested, with a positive result.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The sensitization resulting from direct contact with ECG<\/jats:styled-content> electrodes was caused by acrylic acid, present as an impurity in ECG<\/jats:styled-content> electrodes. Positive reactions to 2\u2010HEMA<\/jats:styled-content>, 2\u2010HPMA<\/jats:styled-content> and EGDMA<\/jats:styled-content> are considered to be cross\u2010reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T07:06:41Z","timestamp":1422342401000},"page":"44-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The role of acrylic acid impurity as a sensitizing component in electrocardiogram electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Stingeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Perugia 06156 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Cerulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Perugia 06156 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Spalletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia 06156 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mazzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia 06156 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Rigano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department Institute of Skin and Product Evaluation 20125 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Perugia 06156 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Perugia 06156 Perugia 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