{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:03:53Z","timestamp":1785420233703,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nickel\u2010containing alloys are widely used in orthodontic appliances, even though nickel is by far the most common contact allergen. However, the scientific evidence concerning allergic reactions to nickel in orthodontic patients has not been evaluated systematically. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the prevalence of nickel hypersensitivity is affected by orthodontic treatment. Unrestricted electronic and manual searches were performed until July 2013 for human clinical studies assessing orthodontic treatment and nickel hypersensitivity. Methodological limitations were evaluated with the Downs and Black tool. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORs<\/jats:styled-content>) with their 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIs<\/jats:styled-content>) were calculated from random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses, followed by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Thirty studies were included in the review, and 24 datasets with 10 184 patients in the meta\u2010analyses. Orthodontic treatment had no significant effect on nickel hypersensitivity (n = 11; crude <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.99; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.78\u20131.25; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.914). However, when confounding from factors such as sex and piercings was taken into account, orthodontic treatment was associated with a lower risk of hypersensitivity (n = 1; adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.60; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.40\u20130.80; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). This was even more pronounced when orthodontic treatment was performed prior to piercing (n = 7; crude <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.35; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.24\u20130.50; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Orthodontic treatment seems to have a protective role against nickel hypersensitivity, especially when it precedes piercings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T07:59:39Z","timestamp":1429171179000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Nickel hypersensitivity and orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"G\u00f6lz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry, University of Bonn  53111 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1968-3326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon N.","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry, University of Bonn  53111 Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Department of Oral Technology School of Dentistry, University of Bonn  53111 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry, University of Bonn  53111 Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.06062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01963.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Danish Ministry of Environment.Statutory order of the Danish ministry of environment regarding prohibition of sale and labeling of certain nickel containing products. Copenhagen Denmark: Statutory Order No. 854 16th December1991."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"EC.Commission Directive 2004\/96\/EC of 27 September 2004 amending Council Directive 76\/769\/EEC as regards restrictions on the marketing and use of nickel for piercing post assemblies for the purpose of adapting its Annex I to technical progress.Official Journal of the European Union 28th September2004 L301\/51."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.0128f.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","article-title":"Nickel ion concentration in saliva of patients treated with orthodontic fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study","author":"G\u00f6lz L","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8576-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implications for corrosion potential, nickel release, and biocompatibility","volume":"72","author":"Eliades T","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2008.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 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