{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:15:05Z","timestamp":1777860905653,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Forte, the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel\u2010releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify nickel skin exposure  from short and frequent contact with nickel\u2010releasing materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials\/methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel\u2010containing alloys and pure nickel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nickel skin doses  from a single touch were 0.024\u20134.7\u2009\u00b5g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T11:25:37Z","timestamp":1434626737000},"page":"222-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Short and frequent skin contact with nickel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Behnaz","family":"Erfani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  SE 171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Lid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  SE 171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Midander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  SE 171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Commission regulation (EC) No. 552\/2009 of June 2009 amending regulation (EC) No. 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards Annex XVII","volume":"64","author":"The Commission of the European Communities","year":"2009","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agenchy (ECHA).Questions and answers: [935] how to clarify the \u2018prolonged contact with the skin\u2019 in relation to the nickel restriction entry 27?2014:1\u201016. Available at:http:\/\/echaeuropaeu\/qa&#x02010;display\/&#x02010;\/qadisplay\/5s1R\/view\/reach\/restrictions(last accessed 02 March 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"ErfaniB.A strategy to assess short and frequent skin contacts with nickel. Master Thesis Stockholm Sweden Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet 2014. 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