{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:42:27Z","timestamp":1784569347878,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous  risk factors have been suggested for hand eczema. This systematic review evaluates the association between tobacco smoking and hand eczema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the literature systematically on the association between smoking and hand eczema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PubMed<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> databases were searched up to 27 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2015 for articles on the association between tobacco smoking and hand eczema, including human studies in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>nglish and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>erman only. Experimental studies, studies on tobacco allergy, case reports, reviews and studies on second\u2010hand smoking were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty articles were included. Among studies in occupational settings, three of seven found a statistically significant positive association between tobacco smoking and hand eczema prevalence rate, as did four of eight population\u2010based studies. The association was stronger for studies in occupational settings than for population\u2010based studies. No studies reported tobacco to be a clear protective factor for hand eczema. Two of five studies regarding severity found a positive association between smoking and hand eczema severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the data indicate that smoking may cause an increased frequency of hand eczema, particularly in high\u2010risk occupations. However, data from studies controlling for other risk factors are conflicting, and few prospective studies are available. Studies controlling for other risk factors are needed, and information regarding the diagnosis of subclasses of hand eczema, as well as severity, may be important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T18:09:18Z","timestamp":1435946958000},"page":"326-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Tobacco smoking and hand eczema \u2013 is there an association?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital  2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim K.","family":"Clemmensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital  2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary L.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  3053 Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Diepgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology University Hospital  D\u201069115, Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tove","family":"Agner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital  2400 Copenhagen NV 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