{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:20:51Z","timestamp":1790256051644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001861","name":"Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several studies have shown nickel and cobalt release from jewellery by using spot tests, but the metal composition of jewellery is largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the metal composition of a large worldwide sample of mainly inexpensive jewellery items, and investigate the release of nickel, cobalt and lead from a subsample by using\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1811:1998\u2010required methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 956 metallic jewellery components were examined with X\u2010ray fluorescence spectroscopy. A subsample of 96 jewellery items purchased in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      nited\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      tates were investigated for nickel, cobalt and lead release by the use of artificial sweat immersion and plasma optical emission spectroscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen elements were detected. The 10 most frequently occurring were, in order of frequency, copper, iron, zinc, nickel, silver, chromium, tin, manganese, lead, and cobalt. Release of nickel was noted from 79 of the 96\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      samples (0.01\u201398\u2009\u00b5g\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/week), release of cobalt from 35 samples (0.02\u20130.5\u2009\u00b5g\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/week), and release of lead from 37 samples (0.03\u20132718\u2009\u00b5g\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/week).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present here a comprehensive list of the most frequently encountered metals in jewellery and fashion accessories. Different allergenic and non\u2010allergenic metals are utilized. We also report the frequent release of nickel, cobalt and lead from these objects, despite legislative restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T07:41:38Z","timestamp":1438242098000},"page":"231-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Jewellery: alloy composition and release of nickel, cobalt and lead assessed with the\n                    <scp>EU<\/scp>\n                    synthetic sweat method"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Dathan","family":"Hamann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus OH 43221 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob P.","family":"Thyssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen  DK\u20102900 Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten R.","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Loma Linda University School of Medicine  Loma Linda CA 92350 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Contact Dermatitis Institute  Phoenix AZ 85008 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torkil","family":"Menn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen  DK\u20102900 Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne D.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen  DK\u20102900 Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radoslaw","family":"Spiewak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology Jagiellonian University Medical College  31\u2010008 Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California at San Francisco  San Francisco CA 94115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Applied Environmental Science Stockholm University  SE\u2010106 91 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Lid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm 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