{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:04:57Z","timestamp":1776355497505,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hudfonden"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies have compared water exposure between different occupations in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate and compare the extent of occupational water exposure, with a focus on service, healthcare and production occupations previously classified as involving a high risk for hand eczema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In two public health surveys (2006 and 2010), a validated question regarding occupational water exposure was answered by 18 342 and 15 736 gainfully employed individuals, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure for \u2265 0.5 h\/day was reported by 17.5% and 16.3% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.020) for the respective years, and exposure for &gt; 2 h\/day by 7.8% and 7.7% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.73). Exposure in women was almost twice as high as in men for both years (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.001) and exposure levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Exposure for &gt; 2 h\/day was more common in high\u2010risk occupations in service and healthcare than in non\u2010high\u2010risk occupations [prevalence proportion ratios of 16.7 (95%CI: 14.0\u201320.0) and 8.3 (95%CI: 6.9\u20139.9), respectively]. Exposure was highest in service occupations, where 44.6% reported exposure for &gt; 2 h\/day in 2010, and kitchen work, cleaning and hairdressing dominated. In healthcare, the corresponding figure was 22.0%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Challenging differences in water exposure between occupational groups were found, and extensive water exposure was reported in a number of occupations previously classified as involving a high risk for hand eczema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T14:28:42Z","timestamp":1447856922000},"page":"22-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Water exposure \u2013 challenging differences between occupations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Meding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingeg\u00e4rd","family":"Anveden Berglind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Solna Centre for Pharmaco\u2010Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Alderling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunborg","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Wrangsj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet  SE\u2010171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200100241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00823.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.0314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00907.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-010-0564-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mel059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mer041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00991.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01729.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203040-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"SUDAAN 11 Statistical Software for Weighting Imputing and Analyzing Data. 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