{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:18:46Z","timestamp":1784661526394,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011167","name":"Australasian College of Dermatologists","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthcare workers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCWs<\/jats:styled-content>) are at risk of developing occupational skin disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To ascertain the causes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSD<\/jats:styled-content> in Australian <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCWs<\/jats:styled-content> in a tertiary referral clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review was performed of patients assessed at the Occupational Dermatology Clinic in Melbourne from 1993 to 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 685 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCWs<\/jats:styled-content> assessed in the clinic over a period of 22 years, 555 (81.0%) were diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSD<\/jats:styled-content>. The most common diagnosis was irritant contact dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>) (79.1%), followed by allergic contact dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>) (49.7%). Natural rubber latex allergy was also relatively frequent (13.0%). The major substances causing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> were rubber glove chemicals (thiuram mix and tetraethylthiuram disulfide), preservatives (formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasers, and isothiazolinones), excipients in hand cleansers, which are hard\u2010to\u2010avoid weak allergens, and antiseptics. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> caused by commercial hand cleansers occurred more frequently than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> caused by alcohol\u2010based hand rubs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABHRs<\/jats:styled-content>). Occupational <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content> was mostly caused by water\/wet work and hand cleansers, and environmental irritants such as heat and sweating.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the causes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSD<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCWs<\/jats:styled-content> is important in order to develop strategies for prevention. We suggest that skin care advice should be incorporated into hand hygiene education. The use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABHRs<\/jats:styled-content> should be encouraged, weak allergens in skin cleansers should be substituted, and accelerator\u2010free gloves should be recommended for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCWs<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T05:25:49Z","timestamp":1468992349000},"page":"213-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Occupational skin disease among Australian healthcare workers: a retrospective analysis from an occupational dermatology clinic, 1993\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Claire L.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  Carlton Victoria 3053 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  Carlton Victoria 3053 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  Carlton Victoria 3053 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary L.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  Carlton Victoria 3053 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2007.06024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).Year Book Australia 2012. Cat. no. 1301.0.ABS Canberra 2012. 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