{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:56:18Z","timestamp":1778698578762,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental workers are considered to have a high risk of developing occupational hand eczema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of work\u2010related hand eczema and associated risk factors in dental workers in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A self\u2010administered questionnaire was sent by mail to all dental clinics of Kumamoto City, Japan. In addition, patch testing with 24 dentistry\u2010related allergens was offered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 46.4% of dental workers (n = 528: response 31.4%, based on 97 clinics) reported a lifetime history of chronic hand eczema. The 1\u2010year prevalence was 36.2%. According to logistic regression analysis, the most important risk factors for the 1\u2010year prevalence were a personal history of atopic dermatitis [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 4.7, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 2.2\u20138.8], asthma and\/or allergic rhinitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.0, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.3\u20133.0), dry skin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.7, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.1\u20132.7), shorter duration of work (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.0, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.2\u20133.5 for up to 10 years versus &gt;20 years), and washing hands &gt;10 times per day (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.6, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.0\u20132.5). Fifty\u2010four workers were patch tested. Rubber chemicals and acrylates were the most frequent occupationally relevant contact allergens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental workers in Japan have a high prevalence of hand eczema. Health education to prevent hand eczema and more frequent patch testing are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T06:12:45Z","timestamp":1471241565000},"page":"230-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Self\u2010reported hand eczema among dental workers in Japan \u2013 a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Keiko","family":"Minamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences Graduate School of Kumamoto University  Kumamoto 860\u20108556 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Watanabe Dental Clinic  Kumamoto 860\u20108556 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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