{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:11:32Z","timestamp":1790838692716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Office of Public Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, the frequency of contact allergy to isothiazolinones has increased alarmingly in Europe, but only limited data are available on concentrations of isothiazolinones in consumer products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine the current frequency of isothiazolinones [methylisothiazolinone (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), methylchloroisothiazolinone (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), benzisothiazolinone (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and octylisothiazolinone (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )] in a wide array of detergents and cosmetics relevant for the Swiss population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By means of a market survey, the occurrence of isothiazolinones was investigated in 1948 consumer products. Of these, 88 products were analysed by liquid chromatography\u2013high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry after ultrasonic extraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only 7.6% of all cosmetics contained isothiazolinones, but the prevalence in detergents was much higher (42.9%). The measured concentration ranges in detergents were 4.3\u201310, 3.5\u2013279, 3.8\u2013186 and 7.9 ppm (one product only) for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , respectively. For cosmetics, these were 1.3\u2013133 and 4.8 ppm (one product only) for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study has shown that high concentrations of isothiazolinones (including\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) can be found in a large variety of products, in particular in detergents. Therefore, the safe use of these preservatives should be re\u2010evaluated by including detergents in the exposure assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T09:46:05Z","timestamp":1479289565000},"page":"96-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Occurrence and concentrations of isothiazolinones in detergents and cosmetics in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Garcia\u2010Hidalgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering  8093 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Sottas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering  8093 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"von Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering  8093 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Hauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Laboratory Basel\u2010City  4012 Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bogdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering  8093 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Hungerb\u00fchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering  8093 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).Guidance on the application of the CLP criteria. 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