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It also plays a role during the elicitation phase. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> gene (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) is located within the major histocompatibility complex region. Many single\u2010nucleotide variants exist in the promoter region of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, and these may either increase or decrease <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> transcription and therefore lead to higher or lower levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>. The most extensively studied single\u2010nucleotide variant of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> is a base pair substitution in the promoter region at location \u2013308 relative to the transcription start site (rs1800629, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> \u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">308G<\/jats:styled-content>&gt;A), which is believed to increase transcription and lead to higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> levels. The role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> in allergic contact dermatitis and the functionality of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> \u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">308G<\/jats:styled-content>&gt;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> are reviewed in this article. The association between genetic variants and disease can be studied in a case\u2013control design. Only a few case\u2013control studies investigating the association between <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> \u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">308G<\/jats:styled-content>&gt;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> and allergic contact dermatitis have been published, with contradictory results. These are reviewed critically, and suggestions for future case\u2013control studies on this topic are made.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T09:33:06Z","timestamp":1489656786000},"page":"257-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Immunology and genetics of tumour necrosis factor in allergic contact dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2233-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daan","family":"Dittmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen  9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie L.","family":"Schuttelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen  9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Susceptibility and amplification of sensitivity in contact dermatitis","volume":"61","author":"Moss C","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajcd.2001.20110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"The frequency of allergic diseases among relatives to patients with allergic eczematous contact dermatitis. 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